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@kaizen_nagoya(Dr. Kiyoshi Ogawa)

C++ Templates The Complete Guide(2nd Edition) (2) referror1.cpp

Last updated at Posted at 2018-05-15

目的

このコンパイル記録は、コンパイラおよび対応標準、コンパイラの版により、コンパイルエラーMessageの違いを記録し、どのエラーが出たら、どの版またはどの対応標準にすればエラーが少なくなるかを考察するための資料です。

成果

コンパイラの種類、対応標準の違いによってエラーの数が違う。同じエラーであってもMessageの表現が違う。Error Messageのネットで検索する際に役立つ。

C++ Templates The Complete Guide(2nd Edition)をclang++とg++でコンパイルしてみた
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/a7065ea839cb33793bdf

背景

C++のTemplate使いこなせてない。
The Complete Guide(2nd Edition)
http://www.tmplbook.com/code/code.html
コンパイルしながら勉強。

勉強の記録

https://researchmap.jp/joqzln3gi-1797580/#_1797580
だと, qiitaのようにコード表示機能がないためわかりにくい。
C++ Templates The Complete Guide(2nd Edition)をclang++とg++でコンパイルしてみた
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/a7065ea839cb33793bdf
コンパイルエラーになったものを
clang++, g++の -std=c++03, -std=c++2a
でコンパイルしながら一つづつ確認。

clang++

clang version 6.0.0 (tags/RELEASE_600/final)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin17.5.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/local/opt/llvm/bin

g++

g++ (Homebrew GCC 8.1.0) 8.1.0
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

basics/errornovel1.cpp
template<typename T, T Z = T{}>
class RefMem {
private:
  T zero;
public:
  RefMem() : zero{Z} {
  }
};

int null = 0;

int main()
{
  RefMem<int> rm1, rm2;
  rm1 = rm2;             // OK

  RefMem<int&> rm3;      // ERROR: invalid default value for N
  RefMem<int&, 0> rm4;   // ERROR: invalid default value for N

  extern int null;
  RefMem<int&,null> rm5, rm6;
  rm5 = rm6;             // ERROR: operator= is deleted due to reference member
}
cpla.sh
$ ../cpla.sh referror1
../cpla.sh: line 1: spla.sh: command not found
$ clang++ referror1.cpp -std=c++03 -Wall
referror1.cpp:1:29: error: expected '(' for function-style cast or type
      construction
template<typename T, T Z = T{}>
                           ~^
referror1.cpp:6:24: error: expected member name or ';' after declaration
      specifiers
    RefMem() : zero{Z} { 
                       ^
referror1.cpp:6:20: error: expected '('
    RefMem() : zero{Z} { 
                   ^
referror1.cpp:6:22: error: expected ';' after expression
    RefMem() : zero{Z} { 
                     ^
                     ;
referror1.cpp:14:5: error: too few template arguments for class template
      'RefMem'
    RefMem<int> rm1, rm2;
    ^
referror1.cpp:2:7: note: template is declared here
class RefMem {
      ^
referror1.cpp:15:11: error: use of undeclared identifier 'rm2'
    rm1 = rm2;             // OK
          ^
referror1.cpp:17:5: error: too few template arguments for class template
      'RefMem'
    RefMem<int&> rm3;      // ERROR: invalid default value for N
    ^
referror1.cpp:2:7: note: template is declared here
class RefMem {
      ^
referror1.cpp:18:18: error: non-type template argument does not refer to any
      declaration
    RefMem<int&, 0> rm4;   // ERROR: invalid default value for N
                 ^
referror1.cpp:1:24: note: template parameter is declared here
template<typename T, T Z = T{}>
                       ^
referror1.cpp:2:7: error: implicit default constructor for
      'RefMem<int &, &null>' must explicitly initialize the reference member
      'zero'
class RefMem {
      ^
referror1.cpp:21:28: note: in implicit default constructor for
      'RefMem<int &, &null>' first required here
    RefMem<int&,null> rm5, rm6;
                           ^
referror1.cpp:4:7: note: declared here
    T zero;
      ^
9 errors generated.
$ clang++ referror1.cpp -std=c++2a -Wall
referror1.cpp:1:28: error: non-const lvalue reference to type 'int' cannot bind
      to an initializer list temporary
template<typename T, T Z = T{}>
                           ^~~
referror1.cpp:17:5: note: in instantiation of default argument for
      'RefMem<int &>' required here
    RefMem<int&> rm3;      // ERROR: invalid default value for N
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~
referror1.cpp:18:18: error: value of type 'int' is not implicitly convertible to
      'int &'
    RefMem<int&, 0> rm4;   // ERROR: invalid default value for N
                 ^
referror1.cpp:22:9: error: object of type 'RefMem<int &, &null>' cannot be
      assigned because its copy assignment operator is implicitly deleted
    rm5 = rm6;             // ERROR: operator= is deleted due to referen...
        ^
referror1.cpp:4:7: note: copy assignment operator of 'RefMem<int &, &null>' is
      implicitly deleted because field 'zero' is of reference type 'int &'
    T zero;
      ^
3 errors generated.
\r
$ g++-8 referror1.cpp -std=c++03  -Wall
referror1.cpp:1:29: warning: extended initializer lists only available with -std=c++11 or -std=gnu++11
 template<typename T, T Z = T{}>
                             ^
referror1.cpp: In constructor 'RefMem<T, Z>::RefMem()':
referror1.cpp:6:20: warning: extended initializer lists only available with -std=c++11 or -std=gnu++11
     RefMem() : zero{Z} {
                    ^
referror1.cpp: In function 'int main()':
referror1.cpp:17:16: error: invalid cast of an rvalue expression of type 'int' to type 'int&'
     RefMem<int&> rm3;      // ERROR: invalid default value for N
                ^
referror1.cpp:17:16: error: template argument 2 is invalid
referror1.cpp:18:19: error: '0' is not a valid template argument for type 'int&' because it is not an lvalue
     RefMem<int&, 0> rm4;   // ERROR: invalid default value for N
                   ^
referror1.cpp: In member function 'RefMem<int&, null>& RefMem<int&, null>::operator=(const RefMem<int&, null>&)':
referror1.cpp:2:7: error: non-static reference member 'int& RefMem<int&, null>::zero', can't use default assignment operator
 class RefMem {
       ^~~~~~
referror1.cpp: In function 'int main()':
referror1.cpp:22:11: note: synthesized method 'RefMem<int&, null>& RefMem<int&, null>::operator=(const RefMem<int&, null>&)' first required here
     rm5 = rm6;             // ERROR: operator= is deleted due to reference member
           ^~~
referror1.cpp:17:18: warning: unused variable 'rm3' [-Wunused-variable]
     RefMem<int&> rm3;      // ERROR: invalid default value for N
                  ^~~
referror1.cpp:18:21: warning: unused variable 'rm4' [-Wunused-variable]
     RefMem<int&, 0> rm4;   // ERROR: invalid default value for N
                     ^~~
referror1.cpp: In instantiation of 'RefMem<T, Z>::RefMem() [with T = int&; T Z = null]':
referror1.cpp:21:23:   required from here
referror1.cpp:6:22: warning: extended initializer lists only available with -std=c++11 or -std=gnu++11
     RefMem() : zero{Z} {
                      ^
\r
$ g++-8 referror1.cpp -std=c++2a  -Wall
referror1.cpp: In function 'int main()':
referror1.cpp:17:16: error: invalid cast of an rvalue expression of type 'int' to type 'int&'
     RefMem<int&> rm3;      // ERROR: invalid default value for N
                ^
referror1.cpp:17:16: error: template argument 2 is invalid
referror1.cpp:18:19: error: initializing 'int&' with 'int' in converted constant expression does not bind directly
     RefMem<int&, 0> rm4;   // ERROR: invalid default value for N
                   ^
referror1.cpp:18:19: error: could not convert template argument '0' from 'int' to 'int&'
referror1.cpp:22:11: error: use of deleted function 'RefMem<int&, null>& RefMem<int&, null>::operator=(const RefMem<int&, null>&)'
     rm5 = rm6;             // ERROR: operator= is deleted due to reference member
           ^~~
referror1.cpp:2:7: note: 'RefMem<int&, null>& RefMem<int&, null>::operator=(const RefMem<int&, null>&)' is implicitly deleted because the default definition would be ill-formed:
 class RefMem {
       ^~~~~~
referror1.cpp:2:7: error: non-static reference member 'int& RefMem<int&, null>::zero', can't use default assignment operator
referror1.cpp:17:18: warning: unused variable 'rm3' [-Wunused-variable]
     RefMem<int&> rm3;      // ERROR: invalid default value for N
                  ^~~
referror1.cpp:18:21: warning: unused variable 'rm4' [-Wunused-variable]
     RefMem<int&, 0> rm4;   // ERROR: invalid default value for N
                     ^~~

まとめ

cpp clang++ g++
-std=c++03 -std=c++2a -std=c++03 -std=c++2a
referror1 9 3 4 6

検討事項(agenda)

1)コンパイルエラーをなくす修正方法
clang++ -std=c++2aは想定個数と同じ。
2)役に立つまたは意味のあるその他の出力

参考資料(reference)

プログラミング言語教育のXYZ

https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/1950c5810fb5c0b07be4
プログラミング言語教育のXYZ(youtube)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=He1_tg4px-w&t=486s

C++N4741 2018

Working Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++
http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2018/n4741.pdf

C++N4741, 2018 Standard Working Draft on ISO/IEC 14882 sample code compile list
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/3294c014044550896010

C++N4606 2016

Working Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++
http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2016/n4606.pdf

C++N4606, 2016符号断片編纂一覧(example code compile list)
Working Draft 2016, ISO/IEC 14882(1)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/df5d62c35bd6ed1c3d43/

　CEDD(Compile Error Driven Design)

初めての　CEDD(Compile Error Driven Design) ８回直してコンパイル。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/9494236aa1753f3fd1e1

コンパイルエラーを記録するとよい理由7つ
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/85c0e92b206883140e89

docker gnu(gcc/g++) and llvm(clang/clang++)
https://qiita.com/drafts/059874ea39c4de64c0f7

[C][C++]の国際規格案の例題をコンパイルするときの課題７つ。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/5f4b155030259497c4de

C++N4606 Working Draft 2016, ISO/IEC 14882, C++ standardのコード断片をコンパイルするためにしていること
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/a8d7ee2f2e29e76c19c1

コンパイル用shell script C版(clangとgcc)とC++版(clang++とg++)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/74220c0577a512c2d7da

Clang/Clang++(LLVM) gcc/g++(GNU) コンパイラ警告等比較
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/9a82b958cc3aeef0403f

C++2003とC++2017でコンパイルエラーになるならない事例集
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/a13ea3823441c430edff

Qiitaに投稿するCのStyle例(暫定)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/946df1528a6a1ef2bc0d

cpprefjpのdecltypeをコンパイル試験
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/090909af702f0d5d8a67

MISRA C++ 5-0-16
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/7df2d4e05db724752a74

C++ Templates Part1 BASICS Chapter 3. Class Templates 3.2 Use of Class Template Stack stack1test.cpp
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/cd5fc49106fad5a4e9ed

ISO/IEC TS 17961:2013 C Secure Coding Rules(1) All list(to be confirmed)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/54e056195c4f11b850a1

C言語（C++)に対する誤解、曲解、無理解、爽快。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/3f3992c9722c1cee2e3a

C Puzzle Bookの有り難み5つ、C言語規格及びCコンパイラの特性を認識
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/d89a48c1536a02ecdec9

'wchar.h' file not found で困った clang++ macOS
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/de15cd46d657517fac11

Open POSIX Test Suiteの使い方を調べはじめました
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/644d5e407f5faf96e6dc

MISRA-C 2012 Referenceに掲載している文献の入手可能性を確認
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/96dc8b125e462d5575bb

どうやって MISRA Example Suiteをコンパイルするか
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/fbdbff5ff696e2ca7f00

MISRA C まとめ #include
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/f1a79a7cbd281607c7c9

「C++完全理解ガイド」の同意できること上位10
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/aa5744e0c4a8618c7671

文書履歴(document history)

ver. 0.10 初稿 20180515 コンパイルエラーが取れていない。

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