ISO 15031-5:2015(en)
Road vehicles — Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissions-related diagnostics — Part 5: Emissions-related diagnostic services
https://www.iso.org/standard/66368.html
ISO Road vehicles Diagnostics 規格調査中 100規格、100記事の方針
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/da41dbb1965ac4be0172
ISO Road vehicles - Diagnostics(11) 百規格百記事をめざし。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/51e29d318585a4219985
<この項は書きかけです。順次追記します。>
structure
面白点1
Diag規格の面白いところは、ISO OSI参照モデルに基づいた整理をしようとしているところです。
Table 1 — Legislated emissions-related OBD/WWH -OBD diagnostic specifications applicable to the OSI layers
OSI参照モデルの資料を作り始める(作業中)
面白点2
Ethernet, TCP/IPでも、Presentation層は規定がほとんどないのに対して、
Diagでは、SAEが規定していて、それをISO規格でNormative Referenceしている点です。
また、その仕様をDigital Annexとして本体規格の付録として体系化している点です。
Digital Annex of E/E Diagnostic Test Modes SAE J1979-DA 2011 Word count。docker(153) 何か失敗したかもしれない1日目。英語(51)
面白点3
トラックの規格はSAEを、国際規格でも参照している。
アメリカがPick up Trackが流行りだということは知っていた。
映画、Stan By Meの回想シーンも pick Up Trackで始まる。
SAE 規格を読み始めて
Normative Reference
ISO 9141-2:1994, Road vehicles — Diagnostic systems — Part 2: CARB requirements for interchange of digital information
ISO 14229-2, Road vehicles — Unified diagnostic services (UDS) — Part 2: Session layer services
ISO 14230-2, Road vehicles — Diagnostic communication over K-Line (DoK-Line) — Part 2: Data link layer
ISO 14230-4:2000, Road vehicles — Diagnostic systems — Keyword Protocol 2000 — Part 4: Requirements for emission-related systems
ISO 15765-2, Road vehicles — Diagnostic communication over Controller Area Network (DoCAN) — Part 2: Transport protocol and network layer services
ISO 15765-4, Road vehicles — Diagnostic communication over Controller Area Network (DoCAN) — Part 4: Requirements for emissions-related systems
ISO 15031-2, Road vehicles — Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissions-related diagnostics — Part 2: Guidance on terms, definitions, abbreviations and acronyms
SAE J1930-DA, Digital Annex of Electrical/Electronic Systems Diagnostic Terms, Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms
SAE J1979-DA, Digital Annex of E/E Diagnostic Test Modes
SAE J2012-DA, Digital Annex of Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions and Failure Type Byte Definitions
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14229-2, ISO 14230-2, ISO 15031-2, and ISO 15765-2 and the following apply.
3.1.1 absolute throttle position sensor
value intended to represent the throttle opening
Note 1 to entry: For systems where the output is proportional to the input voltage, this value is the percent of maximum input signal. For systems where the output is inversely proportional to the input voltage, this value is 100 % minus the percent of maximum input signal. Throttle position at idle usually indicates greater than 0 % and throttle position at wide open throttle usually indicates less than 100 %.
3.1.2 bank
土手
specific group of cylinders sharing a common control sensor
共通制御センサーを共有するシリンダの特定グループ
Note 1 to entry: Bank 1 always contains cylinder number 1 and bank 2 the opposite bank.
Note 2 to entry: If there is only one bank, the DTCs for bank #1 DTCs are used and the word bank may be omitted.
With a single “bank” system utilizing multiple sensors, bank #1 DTCs are used in identifying the sensors as #1, #2, and #3 in order as they move further away from the cylinder.
3.1.3 base fuel schedule
fuel calibration schedule programmed into the powertrain control module or PROM when manufactured or when updated by an off-board source, prior to any learned on-board correction
3.1.4 calculated load value
typically an indication of the current airflow divided by peak airflow at wide open throttle as a function of rpm, where airflow is corrected for altitude and ambient temperature
Note 1 to entry: Both spark ignition and compression ignition vehicles can use an alternate definition that substitutes engine torque in place of airflow in the calculation.
Note 2 to entry: This definition provides a number (without unit) and provides the service technician with an indication of the percent engine capacity that is being used.
3.1.5 client
function that is part of the tester and that makes use of the diagnostic services
Note 1 to entry: A tester normally makes use of other functions such as database management, specific interpretation, and man-machine interface.
3.1.6 continuous monitoring
sampling at a rate no fewer than two samples per second
Note 1 to entry: If, for control purposes, a computer input is sampled less frequently, the signal of the component may instead be evaluated each time sampling occurs.
3.1.7 convention, Cvt
column integrated in each message table which marks each parameter included
Note 1 to entry: The following conventions are used: C = Conditional: the parameter marked “C” in a request/response message is present only under a condition specified in the bottom row of the message table; M = Mandatory: the parameter marked “M” in a request/response message table is always present; U = User (optional): the parameter marked “U” in a request/response message table is supplied depending on dynamic usage by the manufacturer. The convention recommends a mnemonic, which might be used for implementation. In no case is the specified mnemonic ever a mandatory requirement for any implementation.
3.1.8 electronic control unit, ECU
generic term for any electronic control unit
3.1.9 emissions-related DTC
DTC which is set when a malfunction causes vehicle emissions to exceed legislated emission thresholds or is otherwise required to be set as specified by on-board diagnostics legislation (e.g. disables another part of the diagnostic system)
Note 1 to entry: Normally, the malfunction indicator (MI) is illuminated at the same time as the emissions-related DTC is set. The determination of which DTCs are emissions-related is made by the vehicle manufacturer for each vehicle, as specified by on-board diagnostic legislation.
3.1.10 fuel trim, FT
feedback adjustments to the base fuel schedule
Note 1 to entry: Short-term fuel trim refers to dynamic or instantaneous adjustments. Long-term fuel trim refers to much more gradual adjustments to the fuel calibration schedule than short-term trim adjustments. These long-term adjustments compensate for vehicle differences and gradual changes that occur over time.
3.1.11 negative numbers
signed binary, the most significant bit (MSB) of the binary number used to indicate positive (0)/negative (1)
Note 1 to entry: 2's complement: negative numbers are represented by complementing the binary number and then adding 1.
EXAMPLE:–0,99 = 800116 = 1000 0000 0000 00012
0 = 000016 = 0000 0000 0000 00002
+0,99 = 7FFF16 = 0111 1111 1111 11112
Note 2 to entry: (–0,99) + (+0,99) = 0.
3.1.12 number
expressed by this symbol “#”
3.1.13 P2, P3 timing parameter
application timing parameters for the ECU(s) and the external test equipment
3.1.14 P2CAN_min timing parameter
CAN application timing parameter with the minimum value for the ECU(s) and the external test equipment to start the response message
3.1.15 P2CAN_max timing parameter
CAN application timing parameter with the maximum value for the ECU(s) and the external test equipment to indicate a response message
3.1.16 P2reload timing parameter
CAN application timing parameter with the maximum value (P2CAN_max) for external test equipment only
3.1.17 server
function that is part of an ECU that provides the diagnostic services
Note 1 to entry: This part of ISO 15031 differentiates between the server, i.e. the function, and the electronic control unit so that it remains independent from the implementation.
3.1.18 service
information exchange initiated by a client (external test equipment) in order to require diagnostic information from a server (ECU) and/or to modify its behavior for diagnostic purposes
Note 1 to entry: This is also the equivalent of test mode or mode.
3.2 Abbreviated terms
.con confirmation
.ind indication
.req request
CRC cyclic redundancy check
CVN calibration verification number
DTC diagnostic trouble code
ECM engine control module
ERR error detection byte
EWMA exponential weighted moving average
FF first frame
ISR interrupt service routine
LSB least significant bit
MI malfunction indicator
MIL malfunction indicator light
MSB most significant bit
N_PDU network protocol data unit
N/A not applicable
NRC negative response code
NVRAM non-volatile memory
OBDMID OBD monitor identifier
PID parameter identifier
PCI protocol control information
RSP in-frame response
SF single frame
SOM start of message
T_AE virtual transport interface address extension
T_Data [ ] virtual transport interface data field
T_Mtype virtual transport interface message type
T_Length virtual transport interface length information
T_PDU virtual transport interface protocol data unit
T_Result virtual transport interface result
T_SA virtual transport interface source address
T_TA virtual transport interface target address
T_TAtype virtual transport interface target address type
TCM transmission control module
TID test identifier
UASID unit and scaling identifier
VIN vehicle identification number
Bibliography
Bibliography
[1] ISO 11898-1, Road vehicles Controller area network (CAN) — Part 1: Data link layer and physical signalling
[2] ISO 11898-2, Road vehicles — Controller area network (CAN) — Part 2: High-speed medium access unit
[3] ISO 14230-1, Road vehicles — Diagnostic communication over K-Line (DoK-Line) — Part 1: Physical layer
[4] ISO 15031-3, Road vehicles — Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissions-related diagnostics — Part 3: Diagnostic connector and related electrical circuits, specification and use
[5] ISO 15031-1, Road vehicles — Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissions-related diagnostics — Part 1: General information and use case definition
[6] ISO 15031-4, Road vehicles — Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissions-related diagnostics — Part 4: External test equipment
[7] ISO 15031-6, Road vehicles — Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissions-related diagnostics — Part 6: Diagnostic trouble code definitions
[8] ISO/IEC 7498-1, Information technology — Open Systems Interconnection — Basic Reference Model: The Basic Model — Part 1
[9] ISO/IEC 10731, Information technology — Open Systems Interconnection — Basic Reference Model — Conventions for the definition of OSI services
[10] SAE J1850, Class B Data Communications Network Interface
[11] SAE J1978, OBD II Scan Tool
参考資料
@kazuo_reve 自動車の故障診断に関連するプログラマーになりたての方が参照するとよさそうな情報
@kazuo_reve AUTOSARのClassic PlatformとAdaptive PlatformにおけるDiagnosticsの違いを整理
自己参照
ISO Diag規格類 調査中
ISO 14229-1:2020 Road vehicles — Unified diagnostic services (UDS) — Part 1: Application layer
ISO Diag規格類 調査中
ISO 14229-1:2020 Road vehicles — Unified diagnostic services (UDS) — Part 1: Application layer
ISO/IEC OSIに学ぶ
@kazuo_reveさんの「自動車の故障診断に関連するプログラマーになりたての方が参照するとよさそうな情報」の読み方
@kazuo_reve「AUTOSARのClassic PlatformとAdaptive PlatformにおけるDiagnosticsの違いを整理」で慌てて
<この項は書きかけです。順次追記します。>
This article is not completed. I will add some words and/or centences in order.
Este artículo no está completo. Agregaré algunas palabras en orden.
知人資料
' @kazuo_reve 私が効果を確認した「小川メソッド」
https://qiita.com/kazuo_reve/items/a3ea1d9171deeccc04da
' @kazuo_reve 新人の方によく展開している有益な情報
https://qiita.com/kazuo_reve/items/d1a3f0ee48e24bba38f1
' @kazuo_reve Vモデルについて勘違いしていたと思ったこと
https://qiita.com/kazuo_reve/items/46fddb094563bd9b2e1e
自己記事一覧
Qiitaで逆リンクを表示しなくなったような気がする。時々、スマフォで表示するとあらわることがあり、完全に削除したのではなさそう。2024年4月以降、せっせとリンクリストを作り、統計を取って確率を説明しようとしている。2025年2月末を目標にしていた。
一覧の一覧( The directory of directories of mine.) Qiita(100)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/7eb0e006543886138f39
仮説(0)一覧(目標100現在40)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/f000506fe1837b3590df
Qiita(0)Qiita関連記事一覧(自分)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/58db5fbf036b28e9dfa6
Error一覧 error(0)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/48b6cbc8d68eae2c42b8
C++ Support(0)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/8720d26f762369a80514
Coding(0) Rules, C, Secure, MISRA and so on
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/400725644a8a0e90fbb0
Ethernet 記事一覧 Ethernet(0)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/88d35e99f74aefc98794
Wireshark 一覧 wireshark(0)、Ethernet(48)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/fbed841f61875c4731d0
線網(Wi-Fi)空中線(antenna)(0) 記事一覧(118/300目標)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/5e5464ac2b24bd4cd001
なぜdockerで機械学習するか 書籍・ソース一覧作成中 (目標100)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/ddd12477544bf5ba85e2
プログラムちょい替え(0)一覧:4件
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/296d87ef4bfd516bc394
言語処理100本ノックをdockerで。python覚えるのに最適。:10+12
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/7e7eb7c543e0c18438c4
Python(0)記事をまとめたい。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/088c57d70ab6904ebb53
安全(0)安全工学シンポジウムに向けて: 21
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/c5d78f3def8195cb2409
プログラマによる、プログラマのための、統計(0)と確率のプログラミングとその後
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/6e9897eb641268766909
転職(0)一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/f77520d378d33451d6fe
技術士(0)一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/ce4ccf4eb9c5600b89ea
Reserchmap(0) 一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/506c79e562f406c4257e
物理記事 上位100
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/66e90fe31fbe3facc6ff
量子(0) 計算機, 量子力学
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/1cd954cb0eed92879fd4
数学関連記事100
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/d8dadb49a6397e854c6d
coq(0) 一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/d22f9995cf2173bc3b13
統計(0)一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/80d3b221807e53e88aba
図(0) state, sequence and timing. UML and お絵描き
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/60440a882146aeee9e8f
色(0) 記事100書く切り口
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/22331c0335ed34326b9b
品質一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/2b99b8e9db6d94b2e971
言語・文学記事 100
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/42d58d5ef7fb53c407d6
医工連携関連記事一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/6ab51c12ba51bc260a82
水の資料集(0) 方針と成果
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/f5dbb30087ea732b52aa
自動車 記事 100
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/f7f0b9ab36569ad409c5
通信記事100
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/1d67de5e1cd207b05ef7
日本語(0)一欄
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/7498dcfa3a9ba7fd1e68
英語(0) 一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/680e3f5cbf9430486c7d
音楽 一覧(0)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/b6e5f42bbfe3bbe40f5d
「@kazuo_reve 新人の方によく展開している有益な情報」確認一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/b9380888d1e5a042646b
鉄道(0)鉄道のシステム考察はてっちゃんがてつだってくれる
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/faa4ea03d91d901a618a
OSEK OS設計の基礎 OSEK(100)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/7528a22a14242d2d58a3
coding (101) 一覧を作成し始めた。omake:最近のQiitaで表示しない5つの事象
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/20667f09f19598aedb68
官公庁・学校・公的団体(NPOを含む)システムの課題、官(0)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/04ee6eaf7ec13d3af4c3
「はじめての」シリーズ ベクタージャパン
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/2e41634f6e21a3cf74eb
AUTOSAR(0)Qiita記事一覧, OSEK(75)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/89c07961b59a8754c869
プログラマが知っていると良い「公序良俗」
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/9fe7c0dfac2fbd77a945
LaTeX(0) 一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/e3f7dafacab58c499792
自動制御、制御工学一覧(0)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/7767a4e19a6ae1479e6b
Rust(0) 一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/5e8bb080ba6ca0281927
programの本質は計画だ。programは設計だ。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/c8545a769c246a458c27
登壇直後版 色使い(JIS安全色) Qiita Engineer Festa 2023〜私しか得しないニッチな技術でLT〜 スライド編 0.15
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/f0d3070d839f4f735b2b
プログラマが知っていると良い「公序良俗」
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/9fe7c0dfac2fbd77a945
逆も真:社会人が最初に確かめるとよいこと。OSEK(69)、Ethernet(59)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/39afe4a728a31b903ddc
統計の嘘。仮説(127)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/63b48ecf258a3471c51b
自分の言葉だけで論理展開できるのが天才なら、文章の引用だけで論理展開できるのが秀才だ。仮説(136)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/97cf07b9e24f860624dd
参考文献駆動執筆(references driven writing)・デンソークリエイト編
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/b27b3f58b8bf265a5cd1
「何を」よりも「誰を」。10年後のために今見習いたい人たち
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/8045978b16eb49d572b2
Qiitaの記事に3段階または5段階で到達するための方法
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/6e9298296852325adc5e
出力(output)と呼ばないで。これは状態(state)です。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/80b8b5913b2748867840
祝休日・謹賀新年 2025年の目標
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/dfa34827932f99c59bbc
Qiita 1年間をまとめた「振り返りページ」@2024
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/ed6be239119c99b15828
2024 参加・主催Calendarと投稿記事一覧 Qiita(248)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/d80b8fbac2496df7827f
主催Calendar2024分析 Qiita(254)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/15807336d583076f70bc
Calendar 統計
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/e315558dcea8ee3fe43e
LLM 関連 Calendar 2024
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/c36033cf66862d5496fa
Large Language Model Related Calendar
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/3beb0bc3fb71e3ae6d66
博士論文 Calendar 2024 を開催します。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/51601357efbcaf1057d0
博士論文(0)関連記事一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/8f223a760e607b705e78
coding (101) 一覧を作成し始めた。omake:最近のQiitaで表示しない5つの事象
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/20667f09f19598aedb68
あなたは「勘違いまとめ」から、勘違いだと言っていることが勘違いだといくつ見つけられますか。人間の間違い(human error(125))の種類と対策
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/ae391b77fffb098b8fb4
プログラマの「プログラムが書ける」思い込みは強みだ。3つの理由。仮説(168)統計と確率(17) , OSEK(79)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/bc5dd86e414de402ec29
出力(output)と呼ばないで。これは状態(state)です。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/80b8b5913b2748867840
これからの情報伝達手段の在り方について考えてみよう。炎上と便乗。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/71a09077ac195214f0db
ISO/IEC JTC1 SC7 Software and System Engineering
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/48b43f0f6976a078d907
アクセシビリティの知見を発信しよう!(再び)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/03457eb9ee74105ee618
統計論及確率論輪講(再び)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/590874ccfca988e85ea3
読者の心をグッと惹き寄せる7つの魔法
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/b1b5e89bd5c0a211d862
「@kazuo_reve 新人の方によく展開している有益な情報」確認一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/b9380888d1e5a042646b
ソースコードで議論しよう。日本語で議論するの止めましょう(あるプログラミング技術の議論報告)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/8b9811c80f3338c6c0b0
脳内コンパイラの3つの危険
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/7025cf2d7bd9f276e382
心理学の本を読むよりはコンパイラ書いた方がよくね。仮説(34)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/fa715732cc148e48880e
NASAを超えるつもりがあれば読んでください。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/e81669f9cb53109157f6
データサイエンティストの気づき!「勉強して仕事に役立てない人。大嫌い!!」『それ自分かも?』ってなった!!!
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/d85830d58d8dd7f71d07
「ぼくの好きな先生」「人がやらないことをやれ」プログラマになるまで。仮説(37)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/53e4bded9fe5f724b3c4
なぜ経済学徒を辞め、計算機屋になったか(経済学部入学前・入学後・卒業後対応) 転職(1)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/06335a1d24c099733f64
プログラミング言語教育のXYZ。 仮説(52)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/1950c5810fb5c0b07be4
【24卒向け】9ヶ月後に年収1000万円を目指す。二つの関門と三つの道。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/fb5bff147193f726ad25
「【25卒向け】Qiita Career Meetup for STUDENT」予習の勧め
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/00eadb8a6e738cb6336f
大学入試不合格でも筆記試験のない大学に入って卒業できる。卒業しなくても博士になれる。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/74adec99f396d64b5fd5
全世界の不登校の子供たち「博士論文」を書こう。世界子供博士論文遠隔実践中心 安全(99)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/912d69032c012bcc84f2
日本のプログラマが世界で戦える16分野。仮説(53),統計と確率(25) 転職(32)、Ethernet(58)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/a7e634a996cdd02bc53b
小川メソッド 覚え(書きかけ)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/3593d72eca551742df68
DoCAP(ドゥーキャップ)って何ですか?
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/47e0e6509ab792c43327
views 20,000越え自己記事一覧
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/58e8bd6450957cdecd81
Views1万越え、もうすぐ1万記事一覧 最近いいねをいただいた213記事
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/d2b805717a92459ce853
amazon 殿堂入りNo1レビュアになるまで。仮説(102)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/83259d18921ce75a91f4
100以上いいねをいただいた記事16選
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/f8d958d9084ffbd15d2a
水道局10年(1976,4-1986,3)を振り返る
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/707fcf6fae230dd349bf
小川清最終講義、最終講義(再)計画, Ethernet(100) 英語(100) 安全(100)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/e2df642e3951e35e6a53
<この記事は個人の過去の経験に基づく個人の感想です。現在所属する組織、業務とは関係がありません。>
This article is an individual impression based on my individual experience. It has nothing to do with the organization or business to which I currently belong.
Este artículo es una impresión personal basada en mi experiencia personal. No tiene nada que ver con la organización o empresa a la que pertenezco actualmente.
文書履歴(document history)
ver. 0.01 初稿
ver. 0.02 参考資料追記 20220130
ver. 0.03 参考資料追記 20220204
最後までおよみいただきありがとうございました。
いいね 💚、フォローをお願いします。
Thank you very much for reading to the last sentence.
Please press the like icon 💚 and follow me for your happy life.
Muchas gracias por leer hasta la última oración.
Por favor, haz clic en el ícono Me gusta 💚 y sígueme para tener una vida feliz.