0
1

Delete article

Deleted articles cannot be recovered.

Draft of this article would be also deleted.

Are you sure you want to delete this article?

More than 5 years have passed since last update.

<科目> 機械学習 第五章:アルゴリズム1(k近傍法(kNN))

Last updated at Posted at 2019-12-13

#<科目> 機械学習

目次
第一章:線形回帰モデル
[第二章:非線形回帰モデル]
(https://qiita.com/matsukura04583/items/baa3f2269537036abc57)
[第三章:ロジスティク回帰モデル]
(https://qiita.com/matsukura04583/items/0fb73183e4a7a6f06aa5)
[第四章:主成分分析]
(https://qiita.com/matsukura04583/items/b3b5d2d22189afc9c81c)
[第五章:アルゴリズム1(k近傍法(kNN))]
(https://qiita.com/matsukura04583/items/543719b44159322221ed)
[第六章:アルゴリズム2(k-means)]
(https://qiita.com/matsukura04583/items/050c98c7bb1c9e91be71)
[第七章:サポートベクターマシン]
(https://qiita.com/matsukura04583/items/6b718642bcbf97ae2ca8)

##第五章:アルゴリズム1(k近傍法(kNN))
###k近傍法(kNN)

  • 分類問題のための機械学習手法
    • 最近傍のデータを個取ってきて、それらがもっとも多く所属するクラスに識別
      kNN1.jpg
  • kを変化させると結果も変わる
    kNN2.jpg
  • kを大きくすると決定境界は滑らかになる
    kNN3.jpg

###(演習5) 人口データと分類結果をプロット

  • 設定 人口データを分類
  • 課題 人口データと分類結果をプロットしてください
%matplotlib inline
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy import stats

####訓練データ生成

def gen_data():
    x0 = np.random.normal(size=50).reshape(-1, 2) - 1
    x1 = np.random.normal(size=50).reshape(-1, 2) + 1.
    x_train = np.concatenate([x0, x1])
    y_train = np.concatenate([np.zeros(25), np.ones(25)]).astype(np.int)
    return x_train, y_train

X_train, ys_train = gen_data()
plt.scatter(X_train[:, 0], X_train[:, 1], c=ys_train)

スクリーンショット 2019-12-13 17.15.47.png

####学習 ステップはない
####予測
予測するデータ点との、距離が最も近い 𝑘 個の、訓練データのラベルの最頻値を割り当てる

def distance(x1, x2):
    return np.sum((x1 - x2)**2, axis=1)

def knc_predict(n_neighbors, x_train, y_train, X_test):
    y_pred = np.empty(len(X_test), dtype=y_train.dtype)
    for i, x in enumerate(X_test):
        distances = distance(x, X_train)
        nearest_index = distances.argsort()[:n_neighbors]
        mode, _ = stats.mode(y_train[nearest_index])
        y_pred[i] = mode
    return y_pred

def plt_resut(x_train, y_train, y_pred):
    xx0, xx1 = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(-5, 5, 100), np.linspace(-5, 5, 100))
    xx = np.array([xx0, xx1]).reshape(2, -1).T
    plt.scatter(x_train[:, 0], x_train[:, 1], c=y_train)
    plt.contourf(xx0, xx1, y_pred.reshape(100, 100).astype(dtype=np.float), alpha=0.2, levels=np.linspace(0, 1, 3))
n_neighbors = 3

xx0, xx1 = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(-5, 5, 100), np.linspace(-5, 5, 100))
X_test = np.array([xx0, xx1]).reshape(2, -1).T

y_pred = knc_predict(n_neighbors, X_train, ys_train, X_test)
plt_resut(X_train, ys_train, y_pred)
スクリーンショット 2019-12-13 17.21.24.png

####numpy実装でも試してみる

xx0, xx1 = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(-5, 5, 100), np.linspace(-5, 5, 100))
xx = np.array([xx0, xx1]).reshape(2, -1).T

from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier
knc = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=n_neighbors).fit(X_train, ys_train)
plt_resut(X_train, ys_train, knc.predict(xx))
スクリーンショット 2019-12-13 17.23.56.png
n_neighbors = 15

xx0, xx1 = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(-5, 5, 100), np.linspace(-5, 5, 100))
X_test = np.array([xx0, xx1]).reshape(2, -1).T

y_pred = knc_predict(n_neighbors, X_train, ys_train, X_test)
plt_resut(X_train, ys_train, y_pred)

kNN4.jpg
n_neighborsの値を3から15に上げてみると、大分滑らかになった。

関連サイト
第一章:線形回帰モデル
[第二章:非線形回帰モデル]
(https://qiita.com/matsukura04583/items/baa3f2269537036abc57)
[第三章:ロジスティク回帰モデル]
(https://qiita.com/matsukura04583/items/0fb73183e4a7a6f06aa5)
[第四章:主成分分析]
(https://qiita.com/matsukura04583/items/b3b5d2d22189afc9c81c)
[第五章:アルゴリズム1(k近傍法(kNN))]
(https://qiita.com/matsukura04583/items/543719b44159322221ed)
[第六章:アルゴリズム2(k-means)]
(https://qiita.com/matsukura04583/items/050c98c7bb1c9e91be71)
[第七章:サポートベクターマシン]
(https://qiita.com/matsukura04583/items/6b718642bcbf97ae2ca8)

0
1
0

Register as a new user and use Qiita more conveniently

  1. You get articles that match your needs
  2. You can efficiently read back useful information
  3. You can use dark theme
What you can do with signing up
0
1

Delete article

Deleted articles cannot be recovered.

Draft of this article would be also deleted.

Are you sure you want to delete this article?