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@Chun3

FreeBSD 12 で自宅サーバ作成　メールサーバ編その2

Last updated at Posted at 2019-03-10

はじめに

FreeBSD 12を使用した自宅サーバの構築を行った。FreeBSD 12はリリースされて間もない状態ですが、カーネルに標準でVIMAGEが取り込まれDNSの外向きと、内向きを別々のシステム（jail+VIMAGE）が同一ホストで構築できることから採用することにしました。その時の構築手順を備忘録の意味も含め、具体的にいくつかに渡り説明する。

概要

メールサーバ編その２では、認証及びウイルス/ SPAMコンテンツフィルタを対象にする。postfixとの連携はメールフィルター（Milter）により行う。

  • 認証
DKIM
電子署名を使用した送信ドメイン認証
DMARC
自分ドメインを詐称するメールの処理方法を指定
* ウイルス/ SPAMコンテンツ
ClamAV
メールサーバ用のアンチウイルス
Spamassasin
スパム（迷惑メール）をブロックするためのフィルタ

OpenDKIM

インストール

標準オプションで使用する

jail1 /root # pkg install opendkim
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 3 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
        opendkim: 2.10.3_11
        lua52: 5.2.4
        unbound: 1.9.0_1

Number of packages to be installed: 3

The process will require 9 MiB more space.
2 MiB to be downloaded.
（以下省略）

設定

使用宣言

/etc/rc.conf
milteropendkim_enable="YES"

####opendkim.confの編集
opendkimデーモンとpostfixがsocketで通信するが、各々が違うユーザで実行することからグループで共有させるためUMaskを変更している。

/usr/local/etc/mail/opendkim.conf
##
## opendkim.conf -- configuration file for OpenDKIM filter
##
## Copyright (c) 2010-2015, The Trusted Domain Project.  All rights reserved.
##
Canonicalization        simple/simple
Domain                  example.jp
KeyFile                 /var/db/dkim/example.jp.private
LogWhy                  yes
Mode                    sv
ReportAddress           "DKIM Error Postmaster" <postmaster@example.jp>
Selector                example.jp
SendReports             yes
Socket                  local:/var/run/milteropendkim/socket
SubDomains              yes
Syslog                  Yes
SyslogSuccess           yes
UMask                   002
/etc/group
mailnull:*:26:postfix

認証キーの作成

jail1 /root # mkdir /var/db/dkim
jail1 /root # chmod 700 /var/db/dkim
jail1 /root # opendkim-genkey -D /var/db/dkim -d example.jp -s example.jp
jail1 /root # chown -R mailnull:mailnull /var/db/dkim
jail1 /root # ls -l /var/db/dkim
total 9
-rw-------  1 mailnull  mailnull  887 Mar  9 14:08 example.jp.private
-rw-------  1 mailnull  mailnull  311 Mar  9 14:08 example.jp.txt

公開キー設定

dkim用公開キーなどをDNSのTXTレコードに設定する。（/var/db/dkim/example.jp.txtの内容を設定）

/usr/local/etc/namedb/master/example.jp.zone
_domainkey             IN  TXT     "t=y; o=~"
example.jp._domainkey  IN  TXT     "v=DKIM1;........."                  ←  /var/db/dkim/example.jp.txtの内容
_adsp._domainkey       IN  TXT     "dkim=unknown"

postfixの設定変更

/usr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf
# mail filter
smtpd_milters = unix:/var/run/milteropendkim/socket
non_smtpd_milters = $smtpd_milters
milter_default_action = accept

起動

jail1 /root # service milter-opendkim start
Starting milteropendkim.
jail1 /root # service postfix reload
postfix/postfix-script: refreshing the Postfix mail system

OpenDMARC

インストール

標準オプションで使用するが、mysql56-clientが関連付けられているので、ports collectionからインストールする。
mysql関連以外はpkgでインストールしたいので、mysql80-clientをロックし、まずpkgでインストールする。

jail1 /root # pkg install opendmarc
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 13 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
        opendmarc: 1.3.2_1
        p5-HTTP-Message: 6.18
        p5-LWP-MediaTypes: 6.02_1
        p5-HTTP-Date: 6.02_1
        p5-URI: 1.76
        p5-IO-HTML: 1.001_1
        p5-Encode-Locale: 1.05
        libspf2: 1.2.10_2
        p5-Switch: 2.17_1
        p5-Filter: 1.59
        p5-DBI: 1.642
        p5-DBD-mysql: 4.050
        mysql56-client: 5.6.43

Number of packages to be installed: 13

The process will require 42 MiB more space.
3 MiB to be downloaded.
（途中省略）
pkg: mysql80-client-8.0.15 conflicts with mysql56-client-5.6.43 (installs files into the same place).  Problematic file: /usr/local/bin/mysql

mysql56-client: 5.6.43がインストールされずにその他はインストールされる。
次にports collectionからインストールする。

jail1 /root # portinstall opendmarc
[Reading data from pkg(8) ... - 166 packages found - done]
--->  Installing 'opendmarc-1.3.2_1' from a port (mail/opendmarc)
--->  Building '/usr/ports/mail/opendmarc'
===>  Cleaning for opendmarc-1.3.2_1
（途中省略）

opendmarc.png

[jail1] Installing opendmarc-1.3.2_1...
===>  Cleaning for p5-DBD-mysql-4.050
===>  Cleaning for p5-Devel-CheckLib-1.13
===>  Cleaning for opendmarc-1.3.2_1

3本のアプリがインストールを完了する。

設定

使用宣言

2行目のソケットの設定は、opendmarc.confで定義するが、rc.dにあるスタートアップスクリプトでinet接続が引数で指定されるためここでも宣言する。

/etc/rc.conf
opendmarc_enable="YES"
opendmarc_socketspec="/var/run/opendmarc/socket"

opendmarc.confの編集

/usr/local/etc/mail/にサンプルファイルがあるのでコピーして編集する。

/usr/local/etc/mail/opendmarc.conf
## opendmarc.conf -- configuration file for OpenDMARC filter
##
## Copyright (c) 2012-2015, The Trusted Domain Project.  All rights reserved.

AutoRestart ture
BaseDirectory /var/run/opendmarc
IgnoreHosts /usr/local/etc/mail/opendmarc_ignore.hosts
IgnoreMailFrom example.jp
Socket local:/var/run/opendmarc/socket
SPFSelfValidate true
UMask 002

IgnoreHostsの編集

/usr/local/etc/mail/opendmarc_ignore.hosts
localhost
::1
2001:db8::/32
127.0.0.0/8
192.168.1.0/24

postfixの設定変更

3行目のみ追加

/usr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf
# mail filter
smtpd_milters =
    unix:/var/run/milteropendkim/socket
    unix:/var/run/opendmarc/socket

non_smtpd_milters = $smtpd_milters
milter_default_action = accept

policyd-spf設定削除

今回、opendmarcのspf評価を使用するためpolicyd-spfの設定を削除する。

/usr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf
# policyd-spf
#policyd-spf_time_limit = 3600
#       check_policy_service unix:private/policyd-spf
/usr/local/etc/postfix/master.cf
#policyd-spf  unix  -    n       n       -       0       spawn
#   user=nobody argv=/usr/local/bin/policyd-spf

DNSにTXTレコード追加

/usr/local/etc/namedb/master/example.jp.zone
_dmarc          IN TXT "v=DMARC1; p=none; sp=none; ri=3600; rua=mailto:postmaster@example.jp;   ruf=mailto:postmaster@example.jp"

起動

jail1 /root # service opendmarc start
Starting opendmarc.
jail1 /root # service postfix restart
postfix/postfix-script: stopping the Postfix mail system
postfix/postfix-script: starting the Postfix mail system

ClamAV

clamav-milterを使用する

インストール

jail1 /root # pkg install clamav-milter
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
Updating database digests format: 100%
The following 7 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
        clamav-milter: 0.101.1,1
        curl: 7.64.0_1
        libltdl: 2.4.6
        unzoo: 4.4_2
        libmspack: 0.9.1
        arj: 3.10.22_7
        arc: 5.21p

Number of packages to be installed: 7

The process will require 9 MiB more space.
3 MiB to be downloaded.
（以下省略）

設定

使用宣言

/etc/rc.conf
clamav_clamd_enable="YES"
clamav_freshclam_enable="YES"
clamav_milter_enable="YES"

freshclam.confの設定

/usr/local/etc/freshclam.conf
##
## Example config file for freshclam
## Please read the freshclam.conf(5) manual before editing this file.
##
DatabaseDirectory /var/db/clamav
UpdateLogFile /var/log/clamav/freshclam.log
LogFacility LOG_MAIL
PidFile /var/run/clamav/freshclam.pid
DatabaseOwner clamav
DatabaseMirror database.clamav.net
NotifyClamd /usr/local/etc/clamd.conf

clamd.confの設定

/usr/local/etc/clamd.conf
##
## Example config file for the Clam AV daemon
## Please read the clamd.conf(5) manual before editing this file.
##
LogFile /var/log/clamav/clamd.log
PidFile /var/run/clamav/clamd.pid
DatabaseDirectory /var/db/clamav
LocalSocket /var/run/clamav/clamd.sock
FixStaleSocket yes
User clamav
ScanMail yes

clamav-milter.confの設定

/usr/local/etc/clamav-milter.conf
##
## Example config file for clamav-milter
##
MilterSocket /var/run/clamav/clmilter.sock
FixStaleSocket yes
User clamav
PidFile /var/run/clamav/clamav-milter.pid
ClamdSocket unix:/var/run/clamav/clamd.sock
MaxFileSize 100M
AddHeader Replace
ReportHostname mail.example.jp
VirusAction /usr/local/bin/my_infected_message_handler
LogFacility LOG_MAIL
LogInfected Basic

my_infected_message_handlerの作成

/usr/local/sbin/my_infected_message_handler
#!/bin/sh
# REF: http://d.hatena.ne.jp/tak_yah/touch/20120229/1330481208
#

cat << EOM | mail -s "Virus Found by clamav-milter" root

-------------------------------------------------------
Virus Mail Information
-------------------------------------------------------
Queue-id: $2
Message-id: $6
Date:  $7
Subject: $5
Sender:  $3
Destination:  $4
Virus Name: $1
-------------------------------------------------------

EOM

postfixの設定変更

5行目のみ追加

/usr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf
# mail filter
smtpd_milters =
        unix:/var/run/milteropendkim/socket
        unix:/var/run/opendmarc/socket
        unix:/var/run/clamav/clamav-milter.sock

non_smtpd_milters = $smtpd_milters
milter_default_action = accept

最新の定義ファイルを取得

jail1 /root # freshclam
ClamAV update process started at Sat Mar  9 20:22:04 2019
Downloading main.cvd [100%]
main.cvd updated (version: 58, sigs: 4566249, f-level: 60, builder: sigmgr)
Downloading daily.cvd [100%]
daily.cvd updated (version: 25383, sigs: 1507935, f-level: 63, builder: raynman)
Downloading bytecode.cvd [100%]
bytecode.cvd updated (version: 328, sigs: 94, f-level: 63, builder: neo)
Database updated (6074278 signatures) from database.clamav.net (IP: 104.16.218.84)
WARNING: Clamd was NOT notified: Can't connect to clamd through /var/run/clamav/clamd.sock: No such file or directory

起動

jail1 /root # service clamav-clamd start
Starting clamav_clamd.
jail1 /root # service clamav-milter start
Waiting for clamd socket..
Starting clamav_milter.
Waiting for clamav-milter socket..
jail1 /root # service clamav-freshclam start
Starting clamav_freshclam.
jail1 /root # service postfix reload
postfix/postfix-script: refreshing the Postfix mail system

Spamassasin

spamass-milterを使用する

インストール

jail1 /root # pkg install spamass-milter
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 29 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
        spamass-milter: 0.4.0_3
        spamassassin: 3.4.2_3
        p5-HTML-Parser: 3.72
        p5-HTML-Tagset: 3.20_1
        p5-Net-IDN-Encode: 2.500
        p5-IO-Socket-SSL: 2.060
        p5-Mozilla-CA: 20180117
        p5-Net-SSLeay: 1.85
        p5-IO-Socket-INET6: 2.72_1
        p5-Socket6: 0.29
        p5-Crypt-OpenSSL-RSA: 0.31
        p5-Crypt-OpenSSL-Random: 0.15
        p5-Crypt-OpenSSL-Bignum: 0.09
        gnupg1: 1.4.23_1
        p5-Net-CIDR-Lite: 0.21_1
        p5-NetAddr-IP: 4.079
        p5-Mail-SPF: 2.9.0_4
        p5-Error: 0.17027
        p5-Net-DNS-Resolver-Programmable: 0.009
        p5-Net-DNS: 1.19,1
        p5-Digest-HMAC: 1.03_1
        p5-Mail-DKIM: 0.54
        p5-Mail-Tools: 2.19
        p5-TimeDate: 2.30_2,1
        p5-Net-DNS-Resolver-Mock: 1.20171219
        p5-Net-LibIDN: 0.12_4
        libidn: 1.34_1
        re2c: 0.14.3
        p5-Encode-Detect: 1.01_1

Number of packages to be installed: 29

The process will require 15 MiB more space.
4 MiB to be downloaded.
（以下省略）

設定

使用宣言

/etc/rc.conf
spamd_enable=YES
spamass_milter_enable="YES"
spamass_milter_user="spamd"
spamass_milter_group="spamd"
spamass_milter_socket="/var/run/spamass-milter/spamass-milter.sock"
spamass_milter_socket_owner="spamd"
spamass_milter_socket_group="mail"
spamass_milter_socket_mode="660"
spamass_milter_localflags="-u spamd -- -u spamd"

postfixの設定変更

6行目のみ追加

/usr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf
# mail filter
smtpd_milters =
    unix:/var/run/milteropendkim/socket
    unix:/var/run/opendmarc/socket
    unix:/var/run/clamav/clamav-milter.sock
    unix:/var/run/spamass-milter/spamass-milter.sock

non_smtpd_milters = $smtpd_milters
milter_default_action = accept

ルールファイルの更新

jail1 /root # sa-update
gpg: WARNING: using insecure memory!
gpg: please see http://www.gnupg.org/documentation/faqs.html for more information

起動

jail1 /root # service sa-spamd start
Starting spamd.
jail1 /root # mkdir /var/run/spamass-milter
jail1 /root # chown spamd:spamd /var/run/spamass-milter
jail1 /root # service spamass-milter start
Starting spamass_milter.
jail1 /root # service postfix reload
postfix/postfix-script: refreshing the Postfix mail system

以下2022年1月15日追記
spamassasinが更新された時に以下のエラーが出るようになり調査をした

connect to spamd on ::1 failed, retrying (#1 of 3): Connection refused
connect to spamd on 127.0.0.1 failed, retrying (#1 of 3): Connection refused

spamdが起動時にエラーを出して停止していたことが原因でした。

jail1 /root # service sa-spamd status
spamd is not running.
jail1 /root # service sa-spamd start
Starting spamd.
child process [39390] exited or timed out without signaling production of a PID file: exit 255 at /usr/local/bin/spamd
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/sa-spamd: WARNING: failed to start spamd

内部のデータ構造が変化したようです。
そこで以下の操作で無事起動しました

jail1 /root # sa-update
gpg: WARNING: using insecure memory!
gpg: please see http://www.gnupg.org/documentation/faqs.html for more information
jail1 /root # service sa-spamd start
Starting spamd.

2022年1月15日追記終了

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