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node.js (Express) でのオープンリダイレクト脆弱性対策

Last updated at Posted at 2020-03-02

この記事は、WESEEK Tips Wiki に投稿された記事「/Tips/JavaScript/Express/オープンリダイレクト対策」の転載です。

オープンリダイレクトとは?

Express に於けるリダイレクト

Express 4.x API#res.redirect

  • URL パラメータ等、ユーザーが指定可能な文字列をそのままリダイレクトさせるコード書くとセキュリティホールとなる
  • res.redirect('//evil.example.com/path/to/attack') で再現可能
    • -> http://evil.example.com/path/to/attack にリダイレクトされる

過去実際にあった脆弱性

対策

方針

  1. URL をパースし、不正な形式(//evil.example.com 等)であればリダイレクトしない
  2. URL が、リクエストのホストと不一致ならリダイレクトしない
  3. URL が、ホワイトリストに入っていなければリダイレクトしない

コード

下記コードは、要求された URL へリダイレクトしない代わりに、サイトトップ(/)へのリダイレクトに振り替えている。

最小の対策(方針1,2まで)

middleware/safe-redirect.js
/**
 * Redirect with prevention from Open Redirect
 *
 * Usage: app.use(require('middleware/safe-redirect')())
 */
const logger = request('path/to/logger');


module.exports = () => {

  return function(req, res, next) {

    // extend res object
    res.safeRedirect = function(redirectTo) {
      if (redirectTo == null) {
        return res.redirect('/');
      }

      try {
        // check inner redirect
        const redirectUrl = new URL(redirectTo, `${req.protocol}://${req.get('host')}`);
        if (redirectUrl.hostname === req.hostname) {
          logger.debug(`Requested redirect URL (${redirectTo}) is local.`);
          return res.redirect(redirectUrl.href);
        }
        logger.debug(`Requested redirect URL (${redirectTo}) is NOT local.`);
      }
      catch (err) {
        logger.warn(`Requested redirect URL (${redirectTo}) is invalid.`, err);
      }

      logger.warn(`Requested redirect URL (${redirectTo}) is UNSAFE, redirecting to root page.`);
      return res.redirect('/');
    };

    next();

  };

};

利用方法

app.use(require('middleware/safe-redirect')());

ホワイトリスト指定機能付き(方針3まで)

middleware/safe-redirect.js
/**
 * Redirect with prevention from Open Redirect
 *
 * Usage: app.use(require('middleware/safe-redirect')(['example.com', 'some.example.com:8080']))
 */
const logger = request('path/to/logger')('middleware:safe-redirect');


/**
 * Check whether the redirect url host is in specified whitelist
 * @param {Array<string>} whitelistOfHosts
 * @param {string} redirectToFqdn
 */
function isInWhitelist(whitelistOfHosts, redirectToFqdn) {
  if (whitelistOfHosts == null || whitelistOfHosts.length === 0) {
    return false;
  }

  const redirectUrl = new URL(redirectToFqdn);
  return whitelistOfHosts.includes(redirectUrl.hostname) || whitelistOfHosts.includes(redirectUrl.host);
}


module.exports = (whitelistOfHosts) => {

  return function(req, res, next) {

    // extend res object
    res.safeRedirect = function(redirectTo) {
      if (redirectTo == null) {
        return res.redirect('/');
      }

      try {
        // check inner redirect
        const redirectUrl = new URL(redirectTo, `${req.protocol}://${req.get('host')}`);
        if (redirectUrl.hostname === req.hostname) {
          logger.debug(`Requested redirect URL (${redirectTo}) is local.`);
          return res.redirect(redirectUrl.href);
        }
        logger.debug(`Requested redirect URL (${redirectTo}) is NOT local.`);

        // check whitelisted redirect
        const isWhitelisted = isInWhitelist(whitelistOfHosts, redirectTo);
        if (isWhitelisted) {
          logger.debug(`Requested redirect URL (${redirectTo}) is in whitelist.`, `whitelist=${whitelistOfHosts}`);
          return res.redirect(redirectTo);
        }
        logger.debug(`Requested redirect URL (${redirectTo}) is NOT in whitelist.`, `whitelist=${whitelistOfHosts}`);
      }
      catch (err) {
        logger.warn(`Requested redirect URL (${redirectTo}) is invalid.`, err);
      }

      logger.warn(`Requested redirect URL (${redirectTo}) is UNSAFE, redirecting to root page.`);
      return res.redirect('/');
    };

    next();

  };

};
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