Raspberry PiとPythonでLCD(16x2)ゲームを作成する

はじめに

Mac環境の記事ですが、Windows環境も同じ手順になります。環境依存の部分は読み替えてお試しください。

目的

LCD1602A 16x2 I2Cを使用して、算数ゲームを作成します。

この記事を最後まで読むと、次のことができるようになります。

No.	概要	キーワード
1	電子回路
2	LCD制御	SMBus
3	ボタン制御	gpiozero

仕様

画面	ボタン1	ボタン2
メニュー	足し算、引き算の選択	決定
足し算	次問題の表示、11問目の表示でメニューへ戻る	答えの表示
引き算	次問題の表示、11問目の表示でメニューへ戻る	答えの表示

完成イメージ

メニュー	足し算	引き算

実行環境

環境	Ver.
macOS Catalina	10.15.6
Raspberry Pi 4 Model B 4GB RAM	-
Raspberry Pi OS (Raspbian)	10
Python	3.7.3
gpiozero	1.5.1
RPi.GPIO	0.7.0
smbus2	0.3.0

ソースコード

実際に実装内容やソースコードを追いながら読むとより理解が深まるかと思います。是非ご活用ください。

GitHub

関連する記事

電子回路

LCD電子回路

ボタン電子回路

I2C設定

Raspberry Pi Software Configuration Tool起動

command.sh

~$ sudo raspi-config

I2C有効化

5 Interfacing Optionsを選択
P5 I2Cを選択

再起動

command.sh

~$ sudo reboot

I2C通信アドレス確認

command.sh

~$ sudo i2cdetect -y 1
     0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f
00:          -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
10: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
20: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 27 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
30: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
40: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
50: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
60: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
70: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

I2C通信アドレスは0x27となる

ハンズオン

command.sh

~$ git clone https://github.com/nsuhara/raspi-lcdgame.git -b master
~$ cd raspi-lcdgame

~$ python -m venv .venv
~$ source .venv/bin/activate
~$ pip install -r requirements.txt
~$ source config

~$ python app/main.py

~$ Control Key + C

アプリ構成

target.sh

/app
├─ addition.py
├─ i2clcd1602a
│      ├─ __init__.py
│      ├─ katakana.py
│      └─ pcf8574t.py
├─ main.py
├─ menu.py
├─ story_board.py
└─ subtraction.py

LCD

target.sh

/app
└─ i2clcd1602a
       ├─ __init__.py
       ├─ katakana.py
       └─ pcf8574t.py

LCD制御

pcf8574t.py

"""i2clcd1602a/pcf8574t.py
"""
import time

from smbus2 import SMBus

from i2clcd1602a.katakana import convert


class LCD():
    """LCD
    """
    SMBUS_REV1 = 0
    SMBUS_REV2 = 1

    I2C_ADDR = 0x27

    ENABLE_BIT = 0b00000100

    LINE_1 = 0x80
    LINE_2 = 0xC0
    LINE_SIZE = 16

    MODE_COMMAND = 0
    MODE_CHAR = 1
    MODE_OPTION_BACKLIGHT = 0x08

    CMD_INITIALISE = 0x33
    CMD_SET_4_BIT_MODE = 0x32
    CMD_CURSOR_MOVE_DIRECTION = 0x06
    CMD_TURN_CURSOR_OFF = 0x0C
    CMD_2_LINE_DISPLAY = 0x28
    CMD_CLEAR_DISPLAY = 0x01
    CMD_WAIT = 0.0005

    def __init__(self):
        self.smbus = SMBus(self.SMBUS_REV2)

        self._send(mode=self.MODE_COMMAND, bits=self.CMD_INITIALISE)
        self._send(mode=self.MODE_COMMAND, bits=self.CMD_SET_4_BIT_MODE)
        self._send(mode=self.MODE_COMMAND, bits=self.CMD_CURSOR_MOVE_DIRECTION)
        self._send(mode=self.MODE_COMMAND, bits=self.CMD_TURN_CURSOR_OFF)
        self._send(mode=self.MODE_COMMAND, bits=self.CMD_2_LINE_DISPLAY)
        self._send(mode=self.MODE_COMMAND, bits=self.CMD_CLEAR_DISPLAY)

    def destroy(self):
        """destroy
        """
        self._send(mode=self.MODE_COMMAND, bits=self.CMD_CLEAR_DISPLAY)
        self.smbus.close()

    def message(self, message, line):
        """message
        """
        message = convert(message=message)
        message = message[0:self.LINE_SIZE]
        message = message.ljust(self.LINE_SIZE, ' ')

        self._send(mode=self.MODE_COMMAND | self.MODE_OPTION_BACKLIGHT,
                   bits=line)

        for char in message:
            self._send(mode=self.MODE_CHAR | self.MODE_OPTION_BACKLIGHT,
                       bits=ord(char))

    def clear(self):
        """close
        """
        self._send(mode=self.MODE_COMMAND | self.MODE_OPTION_BACKLIGHT,
                   bits=self.CMD_CLEAR_DISPLAY)

    def off(self):
        """off
        """
        self.destroy()

    def _send(self, mode, bits):
        """_send
        """
        higher_bits = mode | (bits & 0xF0)
        self._write(bits=higher_bits)

        lower_bit = mode | ((bits << 4) & 0xF0)
        self._write(bits=lower_bit)

    def _write(self, bits):
        """_write
        """
        self.smbus.write_byte(self.I2C_ADDR, bits)
        time.sleep(self.CMD_WAIT)

        self.smbus.write_byte(self.I2C_ADDR, (bits | self.ENABLE_BIT))
        time.sleep(self.CMD_WAIT)

        self.smbus.write_byte(self.I2C_ADDR, (bits & ~self.ENABLE_BIT))
        time.sleep(self.CMD_WAIT)

    def loop(self):
        """loop
        """
        while True:
            self.message(message='1234567890123456', line=self.LINE_1)
            self.message(message='abcdefghijklmnop', line=self.LINE_2)
            time.sleep(2)

            self.message(message='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP', line=self.LINE_1)
            self.message(message='ｱｲｳｴｵｶｷｸｹｺｻｼｽｾｿﾀ', line=self.LINE_2)
            time.sleep(2)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    lcd = LCD()
    try:
        print('start')
        lcd.loop()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        lcd.destroy()
        print('stop')

カタカナ制御

katakana.sh

"""i2clcd1602a/katakana.py
"""

SP_CODE = 0xfec0


def convert(message):
    """convert
    """
    converted = []
    for char in message:
        if ord(char) > SP_CODE:
            converted.append(chr(ord(char)-SP_CODE))
        else:
            converted.append(char)
    return ''.join(converted)

メイン

target.sh

/app
└─ main.py

メイン制御

main.py

"""app/main.py
"""

from signal import pause
from time import sleep

from gpiozero import Button

from addition import Addition
from i2clcd1602a.pcf8574t import LCD
from menu import Menu
from subtraction import Subtraction


class Raspi():
    """Raspi
    """
    GPIO_BCM_BUTTON1 = 15
    GPIO_BCM_BUTTON2 = 25

    def __init__(self):
        self.lcd = LCD()

        self.button1 = Button(self.GPIO_BCM_BUTTON1)
        self.button1.when_pressed = self.button1_pressed
        self.button1.when_released = self.button1_released

        self.button2 = Button(self.GPIO_BCM_BUTTON2)
        self.button2.when_pressed = self.button2_pressed
        self.button2.when_released = self.button2_released

        self.status = 'menu'

        self.display = {
            'menu': Menu(self),
            'addition': Addition(self),
            'subtraction': Subtraction(self)
        }

        self.display.get(self.status).top()

    def destroy(self):
        """destroy
        """
        self.lcd.off()

    def button1_pressed(self):
        """button1_pressed
        """
        self.display.get(self.status).button1_pressed()

    def button1_released(self):
        """button1_released
        """
        self.display.get(self.status).button1_released()

    def button2_pressed(self):
        """button2_pressed
        """
        self.display.get(self.status).button2_pressed()

    def button2_released(self):
        """button2_released
        """
        self.display.get(self.status).button2_released()

    def pause(self):
        """pause
        """
        pause()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = Raspi()
    try:
        print('start')
        app.pause()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        app.lcd.clear()
        app.lcd.message(message='Good by...', line=app.lcd.LINE_1)
        sleep(1)
        app.destroy()
        print('stop')

共通

target.sh

/app
└─ story_board.py

抽象クラス

story_board.py

"""app/story_board.py
"""

import abc


class StoryBoard(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
    """StoryBoard
    """

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def top(self):
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def button1_pressed(self):
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def button1_released(self):
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def button2_pressed(self):
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def button2_released(self):
        pass

メニュー

target.sh

/app
├─ menu.py
└─ story_board.py

メニュー制御

menu.py

"""app/menu.py
"""

from story_board import StoryBoard


class Menu(StoryBoard):
    """Menu
    """

    def __init__(self, app):
        super().__init__()

        self.app = app
        self.lcd = app.lcd

        self.status = None

    def top(self):
        """top
        """
        self.lcd.message(message='ﾒﾆｭｰ', line=self.lcd.LINE_1)
        self.lcd.message(message='>ﾀｼｻﾞﾝ  ﾋｷｻﾞﾝ', line=self.lcd.LINE_2)
        self.status = 'addition'

    def button1_pressed(self):
        """button1_pressed
        """
        if self.status == 'addition':
            self.lcd.message(message=' ﾀｼｻﾞﾝ >ﾋｷｻﾞﾝ', line=self.lcd.LINE_2)
            self.status = 'subtraction'
        else:
            self.lcd.message(message='>ﾀｼｻﾞﾝ  ﾋｷｻﾞﾝ', line=self.lcd.LINE_2)
            self.status = 'addition'

    def button1_released(self):
        """button1_released
        """
        print('>>> button1_released')

    def button2_pressed(self):
        """button2_pressed
        """
        if self.status == 'addition':
            self.app.status = 'addition'
        else:
            self.app.status = 'subtraction'
        self.app.display.get(self.app.status).top()

    def button2_released(self):
        """button2_released
        """
        print('>>> button2_released')

足し算

target.sh

/app
├─ addition.py
└─ story_board.py

足し算制御

addition.py

"""app/addition.py
"""

from random import randint

from story_board import StoryBoard


class Addition(StoryBoard):
    """Addition
    """
    MAXIMUM = 5

    def __init__(self, app):
        super().__init__()

        self.app = app
        self.lcd = app.lcd

        self.question = 0
        self.num1 = 0
        self.num2 = 0

    def top(self):
        """top
        """
        self.question = 0
        self.num1 = 0
        self.num2 = 0
        self.lcd.message(message='ﾀｼｻﾞﾝ ｹﾞｰﾑ ^o^', line=self.lcd.LINE_1)
        self.lcd.message(message='ｷﾐ ﾊ ﾜｶﾙｶﾅ?', line=self.lcd.LINE_2)

    def button1_pressed(self):
        """button1_pressed
        """
        self.question = self.question + 1

        if self.question > 10:
            self.app.status = 'menu'
            self.app.display.get(self.app.status).top()
            return

        self.num1 = randint(1, self.MAXIMUM)
        self.num2 = randint(1, self.MAXIMUM)

        self.lcd.message(message='Q{}) {} + {} = ?'.format(str(self.question).zfill(2), self.num1,
                                                           self.num2), line=self.lcd.LINE_1)
        self.lcd.message(message='ｺﾀｴ)', line=self.lcd.LINE_2)

    def button1_released(self):
        """button1_released
        """
        print('>>> button1_released')

    def button2_pressed(self):
        """button2_pressed
        """
        if self.num1 == 0 or self.num2 == 0:
            return
        self.lcd.message(message='ｺﾀｴ) {}'.format(
            self.num1+self.num2), line=self.lcd.LINE_2)

    def button2_released(self):
        """button2_released
        """
        print('>>> button2_released')

引き算

target.sh

/app
├─ story_board.py
└─ subtraction.py

引き算制御

subtraction.py

"""app/subtraction.py
"""

from random import randint

from story_board import StoryBoard


class Subtraction(StoryBoard):
    """Subtraction
    """
    MAXIMUM = 5

    def __init__(self, app):
        super().__init__()

        self.app = app
        self.lcd = app.lcd

        self.question = 0
        self.num1 = 0
        self.num2 = 0

    def top(self):
        """top
        """
        self.question = 0
        self.num1 = 0
        self.num2 = 0
        self.lcd.message(message='ﾋｷｻﾞﾝ ｹﾞｰﾑ ^o^', line=self.lcd.LINE_1)
        self.lcd.message(message='ｷﾐ ﾊ ﾜｶﾙｶﾅ?', line=self.lcd.LINE_2)

    def button1_pressed(self):
        """button1_pressed
        """
        self.question = self.question + 1

        if self.question > 10:
            self.app.status = 'menu'
            self.app.display.get(self.app.status).top()
            return

        self.num1 = randint(1, self.MAXIMUM)
        self.num2 = randint(1, self.MAXIMUM)
        if self.num1 < self.num2:
            temp = self.num1
            self.num1 = self.num2
            self.num2 = temp

        self.lcd.message(message='Q{}) {} - {} = ?'.format(str(self.question).zfill(2), self.num1,
                                                           self.num2), line=self.lcd.LINE_1)
        self.lcd.message(message='ｺﾀｴ)', line=self.lcd.LINE_2)

    def button1_released(self):
        """button1_released
        """
        print('>>> button1_released')

    def button2_pressed(self):
        """button2_pressed
        """
        if self.num1 == 0 or self.num2 == 0:
            return
        self.lcd.message(message='ｺﾀｴ) {}'.format(
            self.num1-self.num2), line=self.lcd.LINE_2)

    def button2_released(self):
        """button2_released
        """
        print('>>> button2_released')