はじめに(Introduction)
N4910 Working Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++
n4910は、ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21の作業原案(Working Draft)です。
公式のISO/IEC 14882原本ではありません。
ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21では、可能な限り作業文書を公開し、幅広い意見を求めています。
一連の記事はコード断片をコンパイルできる形にする方法を検討してコンパイル、リンク、実行して、規格案の原文と処理系(g++, Clang++)との違いを確認し、技術内容を検討し、ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21にフィードバックするために用います。
また、CERT C++, MISRA C++等のコーディング標準のコード断片をコンパイルする際の参考にさせていただこうと考えています。CERT C++, MISRA C++が標準化の動きとの時間的なずれがあれば確認できれば幸いです。また、boostライブラリとの関連、Linux OS, TOPPERSカーネル、g++(GCC), clang++(LLVM)との関係も調査中です。
何か、抜け漏れ、耳より情報がありましたらおしらせくださると幸いです。
<この項は書きかけです。順次追記します。>
背景(back ground)
C/C++でコンパイルエラーが出ると、途方にくれることがしばしばあります。
何回かに1回は、該当するエラーが検索できます。
ただ、条件が違っていて、そこでの修正方法では目的を達成しないこともしばしばです。いろいろな条件のコンパイルエラーとその対応方法について、広く記録することによって、いつか同じエラーに遭遇した時にやくに立つことを目指しています。
この半年の間で、三度、自分のネットでの記録に助けられたことがあります。
また過去に解決できなかった記録を10種類以上、最近になって解決できたことがあります。それは、主に次の3つの情報に基づいています。
https://stackoverflow.com
https://cpprefjp.github.io
http://ja.cppreference.com/
また
https://researchmap.jp/joub9b3my-1797580/#_1797580
に記載したサイトのお世話になっています。
作業方針(sequence)
Clang++では-std=c++03, C++2bの2種類
g++では-std=c++03, c++2bの2種類
でコンパイルし、
1)コンパイルエラーを収集する。
2)コンパイルエラーをなくす方法を検討する。
コンパイルエラーになる例を示すだけが目的のコードは、コンパイルエラーをなくすのではなく、コンパイルエラーの種類を収集するだけにする。
文法を示すのが目的のコード場合に、コンパイルエラーをなくすのに手間がかかる場合は、順次作業します。
3)リンクエラーをなくす方法を検討する。
文法を示すのが目的のコード場合に、リンクエラーをなくすのに手間がかかる場合は、順次作業します。
4)意味のある出力を作る。
コンパイル、リンクが通っても、意味のある出力を示そうとすると、コンパイル・リンクエラーが出て収拾できそうにない場合がある。順次作業します。
1)だけのものから4)まで進んだものと色々ある状態です。一歩でも前に進むご助言をお待ちしています。「検討事項」の欄に現状を記録するようにしています。
C++N4910:2022 Standard Working Draft on ISO/IEC 14882(0) sample code compile list
C++N4741, 2018 Standard Working Draft on ISO/IEC 14882 sample code compile list
C++N4606, 2016符号断片編纂一覧(example code compile list)
C++N4606, 2016 Working Draft 2016, ISO/IEC 14882, C++ standard(1) Example code compile list
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/df5d62c35bd6ed1c3d43/
C++N3242, 2011 sample code compile list on clang++ and g++
編纂器(Compiler)
clang++ --version
Debian clang version 14.0.5-++20220610033153+c12386ae247c-1~exp1~20220610153237.151
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, Thread model: posix, InstalledDir: /usr/bin
g++- --version
g++ (GCC) 12.1.0 Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
20.5.4 Members [allocator.adaptor.members] C++N4910:2022 (502) p632a.cpp
算譜(source code)
// C++N4910 Committee Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++
// http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2022/n4910.pdf
const char * n4910 = " 20.5.4 Members [allocator.adaptor.members] C++N4910:2022 (502) p632a.cpp";
// Debian clang version 14.0.5-++20220610033153+c12386ae247c-
// g++ (GCC) 12.1.0 Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
// Edited by Dr. OGAWA Kiyoshi. Compile procedure and results record.
// C++N4910:2022 Standard Working Draft on ISO/IEC 14882(0) sample code compile list
// https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/fc957ddddd402004bb91
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <cassert>
#include <coroutine>
#include <vector>
#include <complex>
#include <map>
#include <atomic>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <memory>
#include <typeinfo>
using namespace std;
// Example 1
inner_allocator_type& inner_allocator() noexcept;
const inner_allocator_type& inner_allocator() const noexcept;
// Returns: *this if sizeof...(InnerAllocs) is zero; otherwise, inner.
outer_allocator_type& outer_allocator() noexcept;
// Returns: static_cast<OuterAlloc&>(*this).
const outer_allocator_type& outer_allocator() const noexcept;
// Returns: static_cast<const OuterAlloc&>(*this).
[[nodiscard]] pointer allocate(size_type n);
// Returns: allocator_traits<OuterAlloc>::allocate(outer_allocator(), n).
[[nodiscard]] pointer allocate(size_type n, const_void_pointer hint);
// Returns: allocator_traits<OuterAlloc>::allocate(outer_allocator(), n, hint).
void deallocate(pointer p, size_type n) noexcept;
// Effects: As if by:
allocator_traits<OuterAlloc>::deallocate(outer_allocator(), p, n);
size_type max_size() const;
// Returns: allocator_traits<OuterAlloc>::max_size(outer_allocator()).
template<class T, class... Args>
void construct(T* p, Args&&... args);
// Effects: Equivalent to:
apply([p, this](auto&&... newargs) {
OUTERMOST_ALLOC_TRAITS(*this)::construct(
OUTERMOST(*this), p,
std::forward<decltype(newargs)>(newargs)...);
},
uses_allocator_construction_args<T>(inner_allocator(),
std::forward<Args>(args)...));
template<class T>
void destroy(T* p);
// Effects: Calls OUTERMOST_ALLOC_TRAITS(*this)::destroy(OUTERMOST(*this), p). scoped_allocator_adaptor select_on_container_copy_construction() const;
// Returns: A new scoped_allocator_adaptor object where each allocator a1 within the adaptor is initialized with allocator_traits<A1>::select_on_container_copy_construction(a2), where A1 is the type of a1 and a2 is the corresponding allocator in *this.
int main() {
cout << n4910 << endl;
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
編纂・実行結果(compile and go)
$ clang++ p632a.cpp -std=03 -o p632al -I. -Wall
In file included from p632a.cpp:19:
In file included from /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/10/../../../../include/c++/10/atomic:38:
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/10/../../../../include/c++/10/bits/c++0x_warning.h:32:2: error: This file requires compiler and library support for the ISO C++ 2011 standard. This support must be enabled with the -std=c++11 or -std=gnu++11 compiler options.
#error This file requires compiler and library support \
^
p632a.cpp:27:2: error: unknown type name 'inner_allocator_type'
inner_allocator_type& inner_allocator() noexcept;
^
p632a.cpp:27:42: error: expected function body after function declarator
inner_allocator_type& inner_allocator() noexcept;
^
p632a.cpp:28:10: error: unknown type name 'inner_allocator_type'
const inner_allocator_type& inner_allocator() const noexcept;
^
p632a.cpp:28:56: error: expected function body after function declarator
const inner_allocator_type& inner_allocator() const noexcept;
^
p632a.cpp:30:1: error: unknown type name 'outer_allocator_type'
outer_allocator_type& outer_allocator() noexcept;
^
p632a.cpp:30:41: error: expected function body after function declarator
outer_allocator_type& outer_allocator() noexcept;
^
p632a.cpp:32:7: error: unknown type name 'outer_allocator_type'
const outer_allocator_type& outer_allocator() const noexcept;
^
p632a.cpp:32:53: error: expected function body after function declarator
const outer_allocator_type& outer_allocator() const noexcept;
^
p632a.cpp:34:2: error: expected expression
[[nodiscard]] pointer allocate(size_type n);
^
p632a.cpp:34:15: error: C++ requires a type specifier for all declarations
[[nodiscard]] pointer allocate(size_type n);
^
p632a.cpp:34:22: error: expected ';' after top level declarator
[[nodiscard]] pointer allocate(size_type n);
^
;
p632a.cpp:36:2: error: expected expression
[[nodiscard]] pointer allocate(size_type n, const_void_pointer hint);
^
p632a.cpp:36:15: error: C++ requires a type specifier for all declarations
[[nodiscard]] pointer allocate(size_type n, const_void_pointer hint);
^
p632a.cpp:36:22: error: expected ';' after top level declarator
[[nodiscard]] pointer allocate(size_type n, const_void_pointer hint);
^
;
p632a.cpp:38:17: error: unknown type name 'pointer'
void deallocate(pointer p, size_type n) noexcept;
^
p632a.cpp:38:28: error: unknown type name 'size_type'; did you mean 'size_t'?
void deallocate(pointer p, size_type n) noexcept;
^~~~~~~~~
size_t
/usr/lib/llvm-14/lib/clang/14.0.6/include/stddef.h:46:23: note: 'size_t' declared here
typedef __SIZE_TYPE__ size_t;
^
p632a.cpp:38:41: error: expected function body after function declarator
void deallocate(pointer p, size_type n) noexcept;
^
p632a.cpp:40:18: error: use of undeclared identifier 'OuterAlloc'
allocator_traits<OuterAlloc>::deallocate(outer_allocator(), p, n);
^
fatal error: too many errors emitted, stopping now [-ferror-limit=]
20 errors generated.
$ clang++ p632a.cpp -std=2b -o p632al -I. -Wall
p632a.cpp:27:2: error: unknown type name 'inner_allocator_type'
inner_allocator_type& inner_allocator() noexcept;
^
p632a.cpp:28:10: error: unknown type name 'inner_allocator_type'
const inner_allocator_type& inner_allocator() const noexcept;
^
p632a.cpp:28:50: error: non-member function cannot have 'const' qualifier
const inner_allocator_type& inner_allocator() const noexcept;
^~~~~~
p632a.cpp:30:1: error: unknown type name 'outer_allocator_type'
outer_allocator_type& outer_allocator() noexcept;
^
p632a.cpp:32:7: error: unknown type name 'outer_allocator_type'
const outer_allocator_type& outer_allocator() const noexcept;
^
p632a.cpp:32:47: error: non-member function cannot have 'const' qualifier
const outer_allocator_type& outer_allocator() const noexcept;
^~~~~~
p632a.cpp:34:15: error: unknown type name 'pointer'
[[nodiscard]] pointer allocate(size_type n);
^
p632a.cpp:34:32: error: unknown type name 'size_type'
[[nodiscard]] pointer allocate(size_type n);
^
p632a.cpp:36:15: error: unknown type name 'pointer'
[[nodiscard]] pointer allocate(size_type n, const_void_pointer hint);
^
p632a.cpp:36:32: error: unknown type name 'size_type'
[[nodiscard]] pointer allocate(size_type n, const_void_pointer hint);
^
p632a.cpp:36:45: error: unknown type name 'const_void_pointer'
[[nodiscard]] pointer allocate(size_type n, const_void_pointer hint);
^
p632a.cpp:38:17: error: unknown type name 'pointer'
void deallocate(pointer p, size_type n) noexcept;
^
p632a.cpp:38:28: error: unknown type name 'size_type'
void deallocate(pointer p, size_type n) noexcept;
^
p632a.cpp:40:18: error: use of undeclared identifier 'OuterAlloc'
allocator_traits<OuterAlloc>::deallocate(outer_allocator(), p, n);
^
p632a.cpp:41:1: error: unknown type name 'size_type'
size_type max_size() const;
^
p632a.cpp:41:22: error: non-member function cannot have 'const' qualifier
size_type max_size() const;
^~~~~
p632a.cpp:46:1: error: C++ requires a type specifier for all declarations
apply([p, this](auto&&... newargs) { OUTERMOST_ALLOC_TRAITS(*this)::construct(
^
p632a.cpp:46:8: error: use of undeclared identifier 'p'
apply([p, this](auto&&... newargs) { OUTERMOST_ALLOC_TRAITS(*this)::construct(
^
p632a.cpp:46:11: error: 'this' cannot be captured in this context
apply([p, this](auto&&... newargs) { OUTERMOST_ALLOC_TRAITS(*this)::construct(
^
fatal error: too many errors emitted, stopping now [-ferror-limit=]
20 errors generated.
$ g++ p632a.cpp -std=03 -o p632ag -I. -Wall
In file included from /usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/atomic:38,
from p632a.cpp:19:
/usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/bits/c++0x_warning.h:32:2: error: #error This file requires compiler and library support for the ISO C++ 2011 standard. This support must be enabled with the -std=c++11 or -std=gnu++11 compiler options.
32 | #error This file requires compiler and library support \
| ^~~~~
p632a.cpp:27:42: warning: identifier 'noexcept' is a keyword in C++11 [-Wc++11-compat]
27 | inner_allocator_type& inner_allocator() noexcept;
| ^~~~~~~~
p632a.cpp:48:29: warning: identifier 'decltype' is a keyword in C++11 [-Wc++11-compat]
48 | std::forward<decltype(newargs)>(newargs)...);
| ^~~~~~~~
p632a.cpp:27:2: error: 'inner_allocator_type' does not name a type
27 | inner_allocator_type& inner_allocator() noexcept;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p632a.cpp:28:10: error: 'inner_allocator_type' does not name a type
28 | const inner_allocator_type& inner_allocator() const noexcept;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p632a.cpp:30:1: error: 'outer_allocator_type' does not name a type
30 | outer_allocator_type& outer_allocator() noexcept;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p632a.cpp:32:7: error: 'outer_allocator_type' does not name a type
32 | const outer_allocator_type& outer_allocator() const noexcept;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p632a.cpp:34:1: error: expected unqualified-id before '[' token
34 | [[nodiscard]] pointer allocate(size_type n);
| ^
p632a.cpp:36:1: error: expected unqualified-id before '[' token
36 | [[nodiscard]] pointer allocate(size_type n, const_void_pointer hint);
| ^
p632a.cpp:38:6: error: variable or field 'deallocate' declared void
38 | void deallocate(pointer p, size_type n) noexcept;
| ^~~~~~~~~~
p632a.cpp:38:17: error: 'pointer' was not declared in this scope
38 | void deallocate(pointer p, size_type n) noexcept;
| ^~~~~~~
p632a.cpp:38:28: error: 'size_type' was not declared in this scope; did you mean 'size_t'?
38 | void deallocate(pointer p, size_type n) noexcept;
| ^~~~~~~~~
| size_t
p632a.cpp:40:1: error: 'allocator_traits' does not name a type
40 | allocator_traits<OuterAlloc>::deallocate(outer_allocator(), p, n);
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p632a.cpp:41:1: error: 'size_type' does not name a type; did you mean 'size_t'?
41 | size_type max_size() const;
| ^~~~~~~~~
| size_t
p632a.cpp:43:24: warning: variadic templates only available with '-std=c++11' or '-std=gnu++11' [-Wc++11-extensions]
43 | template<class T, class... Args>
| ^~~
p632a.cpp:44:26: error: expected ',' or '...' before '&&' token
44 | void construct(T* p, Args&&... args);
| ^~
p632a.cpp:44:36: error: parameter packs not expanded with '...':
44 | void construct(T* p, Args&&... args);
| ^
p632a.cpp:44:36: note: 'Args'
p632a.cpp:46:6: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
46 | apply([p, this](auto&&... newargs) { OUTERMOST_ALLOC_TRAITS(*this)::construct(
| ^
p632a.cpp:49:13: error: expected unqualified-id before ',' token
49 | },
| ^
p632a.cpp:50:44: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '<' token
50 | uses_allocator_construction_args<T>(inner_allocator(),
| ^
$ g++ p632a.cpp -std=2b -o p632ag -I. -Wall
p632a.cpp:27:2: error: 'inner_allocator_type' does not name a type
27 | inner_allocator_type& inner_allocator() noexcept;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p632a.cpp:28:10: error: 'inner_allocator_type' does not name a type
28 | const inner_allocator_type& inner_allocator() const noexcept;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p632a.cpp:30:1: error: 'outer_allocator_type' does not name a type
30 | outer_allocator_type& outer_allocator() noexcept;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p632a.cpp:32:7: error: 'outer_allocator_type' does not name a type
32 | const outer_allocator_type& outer_allocator() const noexcept;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p632a.cpp:34:15: error: 'pointer' does not name a type
34 | [[nodiscard]] pointer allocate(size_type n);
| ^~~~~~~
p632a.cpp:36:15: error: 'pointer' does not name a type
36 | [[nodiscard]] pointer allocate(size_type n, const_void_pointer hint);
| ^~~~~~~
p632a.cpp:38:6: error: variable or field 'deallocate' declared void
38 | void deallocate(pointer p, size_type n) noexcept;
| ^~~~~~~~~~
p632a.cpp:38:17: error: 'pointer' was not declared in this scope
38 | void deallocate(pointer p, size_type n) noexcept;
| ^~~~~~~
p632a.cpp:38:28: error: 'size_type' was not declared in this scope; did you mean 'size_t'?
38 | void deallocate(pointer p, size_type n) noexcept;
| ^~~~~~~~~
| size_t
p632a.cpp:40:18: error: 'OuterAlloc' was not declared in this scope
40 | allocator_traits<OuterAlloc>::deallocate(outer_allocator(), p, n);
| ^~~~~~~~~~
p632a.cpp:40:28: error: template argument 1 is invalid
40 | allocator_traits<OuterAlloc>::deallocate(outer_allocator(), p, n);
| ^
p632a.cpp:40:42: error: 'outer_allocator' was not declared in this scope
40 | allocator_traits<OuterAlloc>::deallocate(outer_allocator(), p, n);
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p632a.cpp:40:61: error: 'p' was not declared in this scope
40 | allocator_traits<OuterAlloc>::deallocate(outer_allocator(), p, n);
| ^
p632a.cpp:40:64: error: 'n' was not declared in this scope; did you mean 'yn'?
40 | allocator_traits<OuterAlloc>::deallocate(outer_allocator(), p, n);
| ^
| yn
p632a.cpp:40:65: error: expression list treated as compound expression in initializer [-fpermissive]
40 | allocator_traits<OuterAlloc>::deallocate(outer_allocator(), p, n);
| ^
p632a.cpp:41:1: error: 'size_type' does not name a type; did you mean 'size_t'?
41 | size_type max_size() const;
| ^~~~~~~~~
| size_t
p632a.cpp:46:6: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
46 | apply([p, this](auto&&... newargs) { OUTERMOST_ALLOC_TRAITS(*this)::construct(
| ^
p632a.cpp:49:13: error: expected unqualified-id before ',' token
49 | },
| ^
p632a.cpp:50:45: error: 'T' was not declared in this scope
50 | uses_allocator_construction_args<T>(inner_allocator(),
| ^
p632a.cpp:50:12: error: specializing member '::uses_allocator_construction_args<<expression error> >' requires 'template<>' syntax
50 | uses_allocator_construction_args<T>(inner_allocator(),
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
検討事項(agenda)
コンパイルエラーを取るか、コンパイルエラーの理由を解説する。
参考資料(reference)
cpprefjp - C++日本語リファレンス
コンパイラの実装状況
typedef は C++11 ではオワコン
C99からC++14を駆け抜けるC++講座
@kazuo_reve 私が効果を確認した「小川メソッド」
自己参照(self reference)
ockerにclang
docker gnu(gcc/g++) and llvm(clang/clang++)
コンパイル用shell script C版(clangとgcc)とC++版(clang++とg++)
C++N4910:2022 tag follower 200人超えました。ありがとうございます。
C++N4910:2022 tag follower 200人超えました。ありがとうございます。
コピペコンパイルエラーあるある
C++ Error Message Collection(1)does not name a type, 11 articles
dockerにclang
docker gnu(gcc/g++) and llvm(clang/clang++)
コンパイル用shell script C版(clangとgcc)とC++版(clang++とg++)
Compare the contents of C++N4910:2022, C++N4741:2018 and C++N4606:2015
C++ sample list
clang++, g++コンパイルエラー方針の違いの例
astyle 使ってみた
C++N4606 Working Draft 2016, ISO/IEC 14882, C++ standardのコード断片をコンパイルするためにしていること
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/a8d7ee2f2e29e76c19c1
コンパイル用shell script C版(clangとgcc)とC++版(clang++とg++)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/74220c0577a512c2d7da
Clang/Clang++(LLVM) gcc/g++(GNU) コンパイラ警告等比較
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/9a82b958cc3aeef0403f
C++2003とC++2017でコンパイルエラーになるならない事例集
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/a13ea3823441c430edff
Qiitaに投稿するCのStyle例(暫定)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/946df1528a6a1ef2bc0d
cpprefjpのdecltypeをコンパイル試験
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/090909af702f0d5d8a67
MISRA C++ 5-0-16
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/7df2d4e05db724752a74
C++ Templates Part1 BASICS Chapter 3. Class Templates 3.2 Use of Class Template Stack stack1test.cpp
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/cd5fc49106fad5a4e9ed
ISO/IEC TS 17961:2013 C Secure Coding Rules(1) All list(to be confirmed)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/54e056195c4f11b850a1
C言語(C++)に対する誤解、曲解、無理解、爽快。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/3f3992c9722c1cee2e3a
C Puzzle Bookの有り難み5つ、C言語規格及びCコンパイラの特性を認識
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/d89a48c1536a02ecdec9
'wchar.h' file not found で困った clang++ macOS
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/de15cd46d657517fac11
Open POSIX Test Suiteの使い方を調べはじめました
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/644d5e407f5faf96e6dc
MISRA-C 2012 Referenceに掲載している文献の入手可能性を確認
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/96dc8b125e462d5575bb
どうやって MISRA Example Suiteをコンパイルするか
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/fbdbff5ff696e2ca7f00
MISRA C まとめ #include
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/f1a79a7cbd281607c7c9
「C++完全理解ガイド」の同意できること上位10
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/aa5744e0c4a8618c7671
DoCAP(ドゥーキャップ)って何ですか?
小川メソッド 覚え(書きかけ)
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ver. 0.01 初稿 20220723