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@kaizen_nagoya(Dr. Kiyoshi Ogawa)

21.3.10 Member relationships [meta.member] C++N4910:2022 (514) p659.cpp

Posted at

はじめに(Introduction)

N4910 Working Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++

n4910は、ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21の作業原案(Working Draft)です。
公式のISO/IEC 14882原本ではありません。
ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21では、可能な限り作業文書を公開し、幅広い意見を求めています。
一連の記事はコード断片をコンパイルできる形にする方法を検討してコンパイル、リンク、実行して、規格案の原文と処理系(g++, Clang++)との違いを確認し、技術内容を検討し、ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21にフィードバックするために用います。
また、CERT C++, MISRA C++等のコーディング標準のコード断片をコンパイルする際の参考にさせていただこうと考えています。CERT C++, MISRA C++が標準化の動きとの時間的なずれがあれば確認できれば幸いです。また、boostライブラリとの関連、Linux OS, TOPPERSカーネル、g++(GCC), clang++(LLVM）との関係も調査中です。
何か、抜け漏れ、耳より情報がありましたらおしらせくださると幸いです。

<この項は書きかけです。順次追記します。>

背景(back ground)

C/C++でコンパイルエラーが出ると、途方にくれることがしばしばあります。
何回かに１回は、該当するエラーが検索できます。
ただ、条件が違っていて、そこでの修正方法では目的を達成しないこともしばしばです。いろいろな条件のコンパイルエラーとその対応方法について、広く記録することによって、いつか同じエラーに遭遇した時にやくに立つことを目指しています。

この半年の間で、三度、自分のネットでの記録に助けられたことがあります。
また過去に解決できなかった記録を１０種類以上、最近になって解決できたことがあります。それは、主に次の３つの情報に基づいています。

https://stackoverflow.com
https://cpprefjp.github.io
http://ja.cppreference.com/

また
https://researchmap.jp/joub9b3my-1797580/#_1797580
に記載したサイトのお世話になっています。

作業方針(sequence)

Clang++では-std=c++03, C++2bの2種類
g++では-std=c++03, c++2bの２種類
でコンパイルし、

１）コンパイルエラーを収集する。
２）コンパイルエラーをなくす方法を検討する。
コンパイルエラーになる例を示すだけが目的のコードは、コンパイルエラーをなくすのではなく、コンパイルエラーの種類を収集するだけにする。
文法を示すのが目的のコード場合に、コンパイルエラーをなくすのに手間がかかる場合は、順次作業します。
３）リンクエラーをなくす方法を検討する。
文法を示すのが目的のコード場合に、リンクエラーをなくすのに手間がかかる場合は、順次作業します。
４）意味のある出力を作る。
コンパイル、リンクが通っても、意味のある出力を示そうとすると、コンパイル・リンクエラーが出て収拾できそうにない場合がある。順次作業します。

１）だけのものから４）まで進んだものと色々ある状態です。一歩でも前に進むご助言をお待ちしています。「検討事項」の欄に現状を記録するようにしています。

C++N4910:2022 Standard Working Draft on ISO/IEC 14882(0) sample code compile list

C++N4741, 2018 Standard Working Draft on ISO/IEC 14882 sample code compile list

C++N4606, 2016符号断片編纂一覧(example code compile list)

C++N4606, 2016 Working Draft 2016, ISO/IEC 14882, C++ standard(1) Example code compile list
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/df5d62c35bd6ed1c3d43/

C++N3242, 2011 sample code compile list on clang++ and g++

編纂器(Compiler)

clang++ --version

Debian clang version 14.0.5-++20220610033153+c12386ae247c-1~exp1~20220610153237.151
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, Thread model: posix, InstalledDir: /usr/bin

g++- --version

g++ (GCC) 12.1.0 Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

21.3.10 Member relationships [meta.member] C++N4910:2022 (514) p659.cpp

算譜(source code)

p659.cpp
// C++N4910 Committee Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++
// http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2022/n4910.pdf
const char * n4910 = "21.3.10 Member relationships [meta.member] C++N4910:2022 (514) p659.cpp";
// Debian clang version 14.0.5-++20220610033153+c12386ae247c-
// g++ (GCC) 12.1.0 Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
// Edited by Dr. OGAWA Kiyoshi. Compile procedure and results record.
// C++N4910:2022 Standard Working Draft on ISO/IEC 14882(0) sample code compile list
// https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/fc957ddddd402004bb91

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib> 
#include <cstring>
#include <cassert>
#include <coroutine>
#include <vector>
#include <complex>
#include <map>
#include <atomic>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <memory>
#include <typeinfo>

using namespace std;

//   
template<class S, class M>
constexpr bool is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class(M S::*m) noexcept;
//  Mandates: S is a complete type.
//  Returns: true if and only if S is a standard-layout type, M is an object type, m is not null, and each object s of type S is pointer-interconvertible (6.8.3) with its subobject s.*m. template<class S1, class S2, class M1, class M2>
constexpr bool is_corresponding_member(M1 S1::*m1, M2 S2::*m2) noexcept;
//  Mandates: S1 and S2 are complete types.
//  Returns: true if and only if S1 and S2 are standard-layout struct (11.2) types, M1 and M2 are object types, m1 and m2 are not null, and m1 and m2 point to corresponding members of the common initial sequence (11.4) of S1 and S2.
//   [Note 1: The type of a pointer-to-member expression &C::b is not always a pointer to member of C, leading to potentially surprising results when using these functions in conjunction with inheritance.
// [Example 1:
  struct A { int a; };
  struct B { int b; };
  struct C: public A, public B { };
// a standard-layout class
// a standard-layout class
// not a standard-layout class
static_assert( is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class( &C::b ) ); // Succeeds because, despite its appearance, &C::b has type
// “pointer to member of B of type int”.
static_assert( is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class<C>( &C::b ) ); 
// Forces the use of class C, and fails.
static_assert( is_corresponding_member( &C::a, &C::b ) );
// Succeeds because, despite its appearance, &C::a and &C::b have types // “pointer to member of A of type int” and
// “pointer to member of B of type int”, respectively.
static_assert( is_corresponding_member<C, C>( &C::a, &C::b ) ); 
// Forces the use of class C, and fails.
int main(){
  cout  <<  n4910 << endl;
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

編纂・実行結果(compile and go)

bash
$ clang++ p659.cpp -std=03 -o p659l -I. -Wall
In file included from p659.cpp:19:
In file included from /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/10/../../../../include/c++/10/atomic:38:
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/10/../../../../include/c++/10/bits/c++0x_warning.h:32:2: error: This file requires compiler and library support for the ISO C++ 2011 standard. This support must be enabled with the -std=c++11 or -std=gnu++11 compiler options.
#error This file requires compiler and library support \
 ^
p659.cpp:28:1: error: unknown type name 'constexpr'
constexpr bool is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class(M S::*m) noexcept;
^
p659.cpp:28:63: error: expected ';' at end of declaration
constexpr bool is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class(M S::*m) noexcept;
                                                              ^
                                                              ;
p659.cpp:28:64: error: C++ requires a type specifier for all declarations
constexpr bool is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class(M S::*m) noexcept;
                                                               ^
p659.cpp:31:1: error: unknown type name 'constexpr'
constexpr bool is_corresponding_member(M1 S1::*m1, M2 S2::*m2) noexcept;
^
p659.cpp:31:40: error: unknown type name 'M1'
constexpr bool is_corresponding_member(M1 S1::*m1, M2 S2::*m2) noexcept;
                                       ^
p659.cpp:31:43: error: use of undeclared identifier 'S1'
constexpr bool is_corresponding_member(M1 S1::*m1, M2 S2::*m2) noexcept;
                                          ^
p659.cpp:31:52: error: unknown type name 'M2'
constexpr bool is_corresponding_member(M1 S1::*m1, M2 S2::*m2) noexcept;
                                                   ^
p659.cpp:31:55: error: use of undeclared identifier 'S2'
constexpr bool is_corresponding_member(M1 S1::*m1, M2 S2::*m2) noexcept;
                                                      ^
p659.cpp:31:64: error: expected function body after function declarator
constexpr bool is_corresponding_member(M1 S1::*m1, M2 S2::*m2) noexcept;
                                                               ^
p659.cpp:42:1: error: C++ requires a type specifier for all declarations
static_assert( is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class( &C::b ) ); // Succeeds because, despite its appearance, &C::b has type
^
p659.cpp:42:16: error: no matching function for call to 'is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class'
static_assert( is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class( &C::b ) ); // Succeeds because, despite its appearance, &C::b has type
               ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p659.cpp:44:1: error: C++ requires a type specifier for all declarations
static_assert( is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class<C>( &C::b ) ); 
^
p659.cpp:44:16: error: no matching function for call to 'is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class'
static_assert( is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class<C>( &C::b ) ); 
               ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p659.cpp:46:1: error: C++ requires a type specifier for all declarations
static_assert( is_corresponding_member( &C::a, &C::b ) );
^
p659.cpp:46:16: error: use of undeclared identifier 'is_corresponding_member'
static_assert( is_corresponding_member( &C::a, &C::b ) );
               ^
p659.cpp:49:1: error: C++ requires a type specifier for all declarations
static_assert( is_corresponding_member<C, C>( &C::a, &C::b ) ); 
^
p659.cpp:49:16: error: use of undeclared identifier 'is_corresponding_member'
static_assert( is_corresponding_member<C, C>( &C::a, &C::b ) ); 
               ^
18 errors generated.
$ clang++ p659.cpp -std=2b -o p659l -I. -Wall
p659.cpp:31:40: error: unknown type name 'M1'
constexpr bool is_corresponding_member(M1 S1::*m1, M2 S2::*m2) noexcept;
                                       ^
p659.cpp:31:43: error: use of undeclared identifier 'S1'
constexpr bool is_corresponding_member(M1 S1::*m1, M2 S2::*m2) noexcept;
                                          ^
p659.cpp:31:52: error: unknown type name 'M2'
constexpr bool is_corresponding_member(M1 S1::*m1, M2 S2::*m2) noexcept;
                                                   ^
p659.cpp:31:55: error: use of undeclared identifier 'S2'
constexpr bool is_corresponding_member(M1 S1::*m1, M2 S2::*m2) noexcept;
                                                      ^
p659.cpp:42:16: error: static_assert expression is not an integral constant expression
static_assert( is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class( &C::b ) ); // Succeeds because, despite its appearance, &C::b has type
               ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p659.cpp:42:16: note: undefined function 'is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class<B, int>' cannot be used in a constant expression
p659.cpp:28:16: note: declared here
constexpr bool is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class(M S::*m) noexcept;
               ^
p659.cpp:44:16: error: no matching function for call to 'is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class'
static_assert( is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class<C>( &C::b ) ); 
               ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p659.cpp:28:16: note: candidate template ignored: could not match 'C' against 'B'
constexpr bool is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class(M S::*m) noexcept;
               ^
p659.cpp:49:16: error: use of undeclared identifier 'is_corresponding_member'
static_assert( is_corresponding_member<C, C>( &C::a, &C::b ) ); 
               ^
7 errors generated.

$ g++ p659.cpp -std=03 -o p659g -I. -Wall
In file included from /usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/atomic:38,
                 from p659.cpp:19:
/usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/bits/c++0x_warning.h:32:2: error: #error This file requires compiler and library support for the ISO C++ 2011 standard. This support must be enabled with the -std=c++11 or -std=gnu++11 compiler options.
   32 | #error This file requires compiler and library support \
      |  ^~~~~
p659.cpp:28:1: warning: identifier 'constexpr' is a keyword in C++11 [-Wc++11-compat]
   28 | constexpr bool is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class(M S::*m) noexcept;
      | ^~~~~~~~~
p659.cpp:28:64: warning: identifier 'noexcept' is a keyword in C++11 [-Wc++11-compat]
   28 | constexpr bool is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class(M S::*m) noexcept;
      |                                                                ^~~~~~~~
p659.cpp:42:1: warning: identifier 'static_assert' is a keyword in C++11 [-Wc++11-compat]
   42 | static_assert( is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class( &C::b ) ); // Succeeds because, despite its appearance, &C::b has type
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
p659.cpp:28:1: error: 'constexpr' does not name a type
   28 | constexpr bool is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class(M S::*m) noexcept;
      | ^~~~~~~~~
p659.cpp:28:1: note: C++11 'constexpr' only available with '-std=c++11' or '-std=gnu++11'
p659.cpp:31:1: error: 'constexpr' does not name a type
   31 | constexpr bool is_corresponding_member(M1 S1::*m1, M2 S2::*m2) noexcept;
      | ^~~~~~~~~
p659.cpp:31:1: note: C++11 'constexpr' only available with '-std=c++11' or '-std=gnu++11'
p659.cpp:42:14: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
   42 | static_assert( is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class( &C::b ) ); // Succeeds because, despite its appearance, &C::b has type
      |              ^
p659.cpp:44:14: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
   44 | static_assert( is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class<C>( &C::b ) );
      |              ^
p659.cpp:46:14: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
   46 | static_assert( is_corresponding_member( &C::a, &C::b ) );
      |              ^
p659.cpp:49:14: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
   49 | static_assert( is_corresponding_member<C, C>( &C::a, &C::b ) );
      |              ^

$ g++ p659.cpp -std=2b -o p659g -I. -Wall
p659.cpp:31:40: error: 'M1' was not declared in this scope; did you mean 'y1'?
   31 | constexpr bool is_corresponding_member(M1 S1::*m1, M2 S2::*m2) noexcept;
      |                                        ^~
      |                                        y1
p659.cpp:31:52: error: 'M2' was not declared in this scope
   31 | constexpr bool is_corresponding_member(M1 S1::*m1, M2 S2::*m2) noexcept;
      |                                                    ^~
p659.cpp:31:62: error: expression list treated as compound expression in initializer [-fpermissive]
   31 | constexpr bool is_corresponding_member(M1 S1::*m1, M2 S2::*m2) noexcept;
      |                                                              ^
p659.cpp:42:54: error: call of overloaded 'is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class(int B::*)' is ambiguous
   42 | static_assert( is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class( &C::b ) ); // Succeeds because, despite its appearance, &C::b has type
      |                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~
p659.cpp:28:16: note: candidate: 'constexpr bool is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class(M S::*) [with S = B; M = int]'
   28 | constexpr bool is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class(M S::*m) noexcept;
      |                ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/bits/move.h:57,
                 from /usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/bits/exception_ptr.h:43,
                 from /usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/exception:168,
                 from /usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/ios:39,
                 from /usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/ostream:38,
                 from /usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/iostream:39,
                 from p659.cpp:10:
/usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/type_traits:3474:5: note: candidate: 'constexpr bool std::is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class(_Mem _Tp::*) [with _Tp = B; _Mem = int]'
 3474 |     is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class(_Mem _Tp::*__mp) noexcept
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p659.cpp:44:57: error: no matching function for call to 'is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class<C>(int B::*)'
   44 | static_assert( is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class<C>( &C::b ) );
      |                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~
p659.cpp:28:16: note: candidate: 'template<class S, class M> constexpr bool is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class(M S::*)'
   28 | constexpr bool is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class(M S::*m) noexcept;
      |                ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p659.cpp:28:16: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
p659.cpp:44:57: note:   mismatched types 'C' and 'B'
   44 | static_assert( is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class<C>( &C::b ) );
      |                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/type_traits:3474:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp, class _Mem> constexpr bool std::is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class(_Mem _Tp::*)'
 3474 |     is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class(_Mem _Tp::*__mp) noexcept
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/type_traits:3474:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
p659.cpp:44:57: note:   mismatched types 'C' and 'B'
   44 | static_assert( is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class<C>( &C::b ) );
      |                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~
p659.cpp:46:16: error: reference to 'is_corresponding_member' is ambiguous
   46 | static_assert( is_corresponding_member( &C::a, &C::b ) );
      |                ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/type_traits:3447:5: note: candidates are: 'template<class _S1, class _S2, class _M1, class _M2> constexpr bool std::is_corresponding_member(_M1 _S1::*, _M2 _S2::*)'
 3447 |     is_corresponding_member(_M1 _S1::*__m1, _M2 _S2::*__m2) noexcept
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p659.cpp:31:16: note:                 'constexpr const bool is_corresponding_member'
   31 | constexpr bool is_corresponding_member(M1 S1::*m1, M2 S2::*m2) noexcept;
      |                ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p659.cpp:49:16: error: 'is_corresponding_member' was not declared in this scope
   49 | static_assert( is_corresponding_member<C, C>( &C::a, &C::b ) );
      |                ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p659.cpp:49:16: note: suggested alternatives:
p659.cpp:31:16: note:   'is_corresponding_member'
   31 | constexpr bool is_corresponding_member(M1 S1::*m1, M2 S2::*m2) noexcept;
      |                ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/type_traits:3447:5: note:   'std::is_corresponding_member'
 3447 |     is_corresponding_member(_M1 _S1::*__m1, _M2 _S2::*__m2) noexcept
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

検討事項(agenda)

コンパイルエラーを取るか、コンパイルエラーの理由を解説する。

参考資料(reference)

cpprefjp - C++日本語リファレンス

コンパイラの実装状況

typedef は C++11 ではオワコン

C99からC++14を駆け抜けるC++講座

@kazuo_reve 私が効果を確認した「小川メソッド」

自己参照(self reference)

ockerにclang

docker gnu(gcc/g++) and llvm(clang/clang++)

コンパイル用shell script C版(clangとgcc)とC++版(clang++とg++)

C++N4910:2022 tag follower 200人超えました。ありがとうございます。

C++N4910:2022 tag follower 200人超えました。ありがとうございます。

コピペコンパイルエラーあるある

C++ Error Message Collection(1)does not name a type, 11 articles

dockerにclang

docker gnu(gcc/g++) and llvm(clang/clang++)

コンパイル用shell script C版(clangとgcc)とC++版(clang++とg++)

Compare the contents of C++N4910:2022, C++N4741:2018 and C++N4606:2015

C++ sample list

clang++, g++コンパイルエラー方針の違いの例

astyle 使ってみた

C++N4606 Working Draft 2016, ISO/IEC 14882, C++ standardのコード断片をコンパイルするためにしていること
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/a8d7ee2f2e29e76c19c1

コンパイル用shell script C版(clangとgcc)とC++版(clang++とg++)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/74220c0577a512c2d7da

Clang/Clang++(LLVM) gcc/g++(GNU) コンパイラ警告等比較
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/9a82b958cc3aeef0403f

C++2003とC++2017でコンパイルエラーになるならない事例集
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/a13ea3823441c430edff

Qiitaに投稿するCのStyle例(暫定)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/946df1528a6a1ef2bc0d

cpprefjpのdecltypeをコンパイル試験
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/090909af702f0d5d8a67

MISRA C++ 5-0-16
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/7df2d4e05db724752a74

C++ Templates Part1 BASICS Chapter 3. Class Templates 3.2 Use of Class Template Stack stack1test.cpp
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/cd5fc49106fad5a4e9ed

ISO/IEC TS 17961:2013 C Secure Coding Rules(1) All list(to be confirmed)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/54e056195c4f11b850a1

C言語（C++)に対する誤解、曲解、無理解、爽快。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/3f3992c9722c1cee2e3a

C Puzzle Bookの有り難み5つ、C言語規格及びCコンパイラの特性を認識
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/d89a48c1536a02ecdec9

'wchar.h' file not found で困った clang++ macOS
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/de15cd46d657517fac11

Open POSIX Test Suiteの使い方を調べはじめました
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/644d5e407f5faf96e6dc

MISRA-C 2012 Referenceに掲載している文献の入手可能性を確認
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/96dc8b125e462d5575bb

どうやって MISRA Example Suiteをコンパイルするか
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/fbdbff5ff696e2ca7f00

MISRA C まとめ #include
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/f1a79a7cbd281607c7c9

「C++完全理解ガイド」の同意できること上位10
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/aa5744e0c4a8618c7671

DoCAP（ドゥーキャップ）って何ですか？

小川メソッド　覚え（書きかけ）

＜この記事は個人の過去の経験に基づく個人の感想です。現在所属する組織、業務とは関係がありません。＞

文書履歴(document history)

ver. 0.01 初稿 　20220723

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