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@imaoqiita(今 起きた)

CentOS7.3にMastodonの構築(Dockerなし)

Last updated at Posted at 2017-07-22

環境

CentOS 7.3をminimal インストールしたOSで構築
参考資料：Mastodon Production Guide

事前準備

Mastodonユーザを作成し作業する。

依存関係

$ sudo yum install libxml2-devel ImageMagick libxslt-devel git curl file g++ protobuf-compiler protobuf-devel

リポジトリのインストール

$ sudo yum -y install epel-release
$ sudo rpm --import http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/RPM-GPG-KEY-nux.ro
$ sudo rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el7/x86_64/nux-dextop-release-0-5.el7.nux.noarch.rpm

FFmpegのインストール

$ sudo yum -y install ffmpeg ffmpeg-devel

開発ツールをインストール

$ sudo yum group install "Development tools"

Node.jsのインストール

$ curl -sL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_6.x | sudo bash -
$ sudo yum install nodejs

yarnのインストール

$ sudo npm install -g yarn

Redisのインストール

$ sudo yum install redis rubygem-redis

PostgreSQLのインストール

$ sudo yum install postgresql-server postgresql postgresql-contrib postgresql-devel
$ sudo postgresql-setup initdb
$ sudo systemctl start postgresql
$ sudo systemctl enable postgresql
  • postgresユーザ(スーパーユーザ)でデータベースにログイン
$ sudo -u postgres psql
  • Mastodon用のデータベースを作成
postgres=# CREATE USER mastodon CREATEDB;
postgres=# \q

rbenvのインストール

  • GitHubからクローニング
$ git clone https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv.git ~/.rbenv
  • コンパイル
$ cd ~/.rbenv && src/configure && make -C src
  • PATHを通す
$ echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
$ source ~/.bash_profile
  • rbenvのプラグインをインストール
$ git clone https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build.git ~/.rbenv/plugins/ruby-build
  • 依存関係のインストール
$ sudo yum install openssl-devel readline-devel
  • rbenvをインストール
$ rbenv install 2.4.1
  • デフォルトで使用するrubyのバージョンを指定
$ rbenv global 2.4.1

Mastodonのインストール

$ sudo -sHu mastodon
$ cd ~
$ git clone https://github.com/tootsuite/mastodon.git live
$ cd live
  • 依存関係のインストール
$ gem install bundler
$ bundle install --deployment --without development test
$ yarn install --pure-lockfile
  • Mastodonの設定ファイルをバックアップして編集1 
$ cp .env.production.sample .env.production
$ vi .env.production
.env.production
=begin
6-10行目を以下のように変更
redisのホスト/ポート、postgresのホスト/ポート/ユーザ名/パスワード、ドメイン名の設定
=end

REDIS_HOST=redis
REDIS_PORT=6379
DB_HOST=db
DB_USER=postgres
DB_NAME=postgres
↓
REDIS_HOST=localhost
REDIS_PORT=6379
DB_HOST=/var/run/postgresql
DB_USER=mastodon
DB_NAME=mastodon_production

=begin
50-55行目・59行目を以下のように変更
SMTPの設定 for Gmail
=end

SMTP_SERVER=smtp.mailgun.org
SMTP_PORT=587
SMTP_LOGIN=
SMTP_PASSWORD=
SMTP_FROM_ADDRESS=notifications@example.com
#SMTP_DOMAIN= # defaults to LOCAL_DOMAIN
↓
SMTP_SERVER=smtp.gmail.com
SMTP_PORT=587
SMTP_LOGIN=****@gmail.com
SMTP_PASSWORD=****(Gmailにログイン時のパスワード)
SMTP_FROM_ADDRESS=****@gmail.com
SMTP_DOMAIN=gmail.com

#SMTP_OPENSSL_VERIFY_MODE=peer
↓
SMTP_OPENSSL_VERIFY_MODE=none

secret key を自動生成する(3回)2

$ bundle exec rake secret

生成されたkeyを.env.production の以下の3箇所に貼り付ける

.env.production
=begin
30-32行目にkeyを貼り付ける
=end

PAPERCLIP_SECRET=****
SECRET_KEY_BASE=****
OTP_SECRET=****

Nginxのインストールと設定

$ sudo yum install nginx
  • 設定ファイルを作成3 （公式のコピペ）
$ vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/mastodon.conf
mastodon.conf
map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
  default upgrade;
  ''      close;
}

server {
  listen 80;
  listen [::]:80;
  server_name example.com;
  # Useful for Let's Encrypt
  location /.well-known/acme-challenge/ { allow all; }
  location / { return 301 https://$host$request_uri; }
}

server {
  listen 443 ssl http2;
  listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
  server_name example.com;

  ssl_protocols TLSv1.2;
  ssl_ciphers HIGH:!MEDIUM:!LOW:!aNULL:!NULL:!SHA;
  ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
  ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;

  ssl_certificate     /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
  ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;

  keepalive_timeout    70;
  sendfile             on;
  client_max_body_size 0;

  root /home/mastodon/live/public;

  gzip on;
  gzip_disable "msie6";
  gzip_vary on;
  gzip_proxied any;
  gzip_comp_level 6;
  gzip_buffers 16 8k;
  gzip_http_version 1.1;
  gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

  add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000";

  location / {
    try_files $uri @proxy;
  }

  location ~ ^/(packs|system/media_attachments/files|system/accounts/avatars) {
    add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=31536000, immutable";
    try_files $uri @proxy;
  }

  location @proxy {
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
    proxy_set_header Proxy "";
    proxy_pass_header Server;

    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000;
    proxy_buffering off;
    proxy_redirect off;
    proxy_http_version 1.1;
    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
    proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;

    tcp_nodelay on;
  }

  location /api/v1/streaming {
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
    proxy_set_header Proxy "";

    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:4000;
    proxy_buffering off;
    proxy_redirect off;
    proxy_http_version 1.1;
    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
    proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;

    tcp_nodelay on;
  }

  error_page 500 501 502 503 504 /500.html;
}
  • Nginxを起動し、自動起動するように設定
$ systemctl start nginx
$ systemctl enable nginx

Mastodonのセットアップ

$ cd ~/live
$ RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rails db:setup
$ RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rails assets:precompile
  • システムのユニットファイルを作成（公式のコピペ）
$ sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/mastodon-web.service
mastodon-web.service
[Unit]
Description=mastodon-web
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=mastodon
WorkingDirectory=/home/mastodon/live
Environment="RAILS_ENV=production"
Environment="PORT=3000"
ExecStart=/home/mastodon/.rbenv/shims/bundle exec puma -C config/puma.rb
TimeoutSec=15
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

$ sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/mastodon-sidekiq.service
mastodon-sidekiq.service
[Unit]
Description=mastodon-sidekiq
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=mastodon
WorkingDirectory=/home/mastodon/live
Environment="RAILS_ENV=production"
Environment="DB_POOL=5"
ExecStart=/home/mastodon/.rbenv/shims/bundle exec sidekiq -c 5 -q default -q mailers -q pull -q push
TimeoutSec=15
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

$ sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/mastodon-streaming.service
mastodon-streaming.service
[Unit]
Description=mastodon-streaming
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=mastodon
WorkingDirectory=/home/mastodon/live
Environment="NODE_ENV=production"
Environment="PORT=4000"
ExecStart=/usr/bin/npm run start
TimeoutSec=15
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
  • Mastodonを起動し、自動起動するように設定
$ sudo systemctl start mastodon-web.service mastodon-sidekiq.service mastodon-streaming.service
$ sudo systemctl enable /etc/systemd/system/mastodon-*.service

オレオレ証明書の作成

$ cd /home/mastodon
$ openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048
$ openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr		
	You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated	
	into your certificate request.	
	What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.	
	There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank	
	For some fields there will be a default value,	
	If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.	
	-----	
	Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:JP	
	State or Province Name (full name) []:PaoState	
	Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:PaoCity	
	Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:PaOrganization	
	Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:	
	Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:mastodon.example.jp
	Email Address []:	
		
	Please enter the following 'extra' attributes	
	to be sent with your certificate request	
	A challenge password []:	
	An optional company name []:
$ openssl x509 -req -in server.csr -signkey server.key -sha256 -days 3650 -out server.crt	
$ openssl x509 -in server.crt -out server.der -outform DER	
$ openssl x509 -in server.der -inform DER -out server.pem -outform pem
  • 作成した証明書をMastodonの設定ファイルに指定
$ sudo vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/mastodon.conf
mastodon.conf
# 25~26行目を変更
ssl_certificate     /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
↓
ssl_certificate     /home/mastodon/server.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /home/mastodon/server.key;
  • Nginxを再起動
$ sudo nginx -s reload

ファイアウォールの開放

$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=http
$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=https
$ sudo firewall-cmd --reload

最後に

https://{mastodon.example.jp}/aboutにアクセスし、Mastodonのログイン画面が表示されることを確認

  1. シングルユーザモード(SINGLE_USER_MODE)を有効にすると、2ユーザ以上登録できないようにできる。 ↩

  2. bundle exec rake secretを実行すると、NameError: uninitialized constant Annotateが出るためこちらを参考。 ↩

  3. conf.d/配下はドロップインコンフィグというらしい。 ↩

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