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Windows Server 2019でHyper-V上のUbuntu18.04にJupyterHub環境を構築

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タイトル通り,Windows Server 2019のHyper-Vで動かすUbuntu18.04にJupyterHub環境を構築した際の備忘録です.
Windows Server 2019でWSLやHyper-V上のUbuntu18.04にCUDA環境を構築しようとして断念
の,Hyper-V部分(Python環境構築)です.

Hyper-VでUbuntu18.04を動かすまでは
Windows Server 2019でHyper-V上にUbuntu18.04をインストール
↑こちら

はじめに

本来はDDA(Discrete Device Assignment)でHyper-V上のLinuxへGPU passthroughしたかったのですが,
Windows Server 2019でHyper-V上のUbuntu18.04にCUDA環境を構築(断念)
にある通り,無理でした.

まぁ何かしらアップデートされればいける気がするので,WSL同様にPython環境を構築していきます.
(同様にというかほぼ同じ手順です,一応どちらもUbuntu18.04なので当然ですが)

Anaconda3

WSLではせっかくGUI環境を作ったのでGUIで https://www.anaconda.com/ から落としましたが,今回は逆にCUIでいきます.

Anaconda3のインストール

2019年6月半ば時点では「2019.03」な「Anaconda3-2019.03-Linux-x86_64.sh」が最新なので,rootさんで入れる前提だと

$ cd ~/Downloads/
$ wget https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/Anaconda3-2019.03-Linux-x86_64.sh
$ sudo su
# bash Anaconda3-2019.03-Linux-x86_64.sh

Welcome to Anaconda3 2019.03

In order to continue the installation process, please review the license
agreement.
Please, press ENTER to continue
>>> 

Enterを押してLicense確認して

Please answer 'yes' or 'no':'
>>> yes

インストール先を聞かれるので

Anaconda3 will now be installed into this location:
/root/anaconda3

  - Press ENTER to confirm the location
  - Press CTRL-C to abort the installation
  - Or specify a different location below

[/root/anaconda3] >>> /usr/local/lib/anaconda3

として,

PREFIX=/usr/local/lib/anaconda3
installing: python-3.7.3-h0371630_0 ...
Python 3.7.3
installing: xxx ...

そこそこ待つと

installation finished.
Do you wish the installer to initialize Anaconda3
by running conda init? [yes|no]
[no] >>>

と聞かれる.
WSLでも書きましたが,公式のFrequently asked questionsに「We do not recommend adding Anaconda to the PATH manually.」とあるのにdefaultはno(笑)
今回もrootで入れているのでnoを選び,

PyCharmをオススメされてインストール完了.
[no] >>> no

You have chosen to not have conda modify your shell scripts at all.
To activate conda's base environment in your current shell session:

eval "$(/usr/local/lib/anaconda3/bin/conda shell.YOUR_SHELL_NAME hook)" 

To install conda's shell functions for easier access, first activate, then:

conda init

If you'd prefer that conda's base environment not be activated on startup, 
   set the auto_activate_base parameter to false: 

conda config --set auto_activate_base false

Thank you for installing Anaconda3!

===========================================================================

Anaconda and JetBrains are working together to bring you Anaconda-powered
environments tightly integrated in the PyCharm IDE.

PyCharm for Anaconda is available at:
https://www.anaconda.com/pycharm

パスを通す

WSLの時と同様に

profile.dへ通す作業…
# echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/lib/anaconda3/bin:$PATH"' >> /etc/profile.d/anaconda.sh

とし,さらにrootがprofile.dを読んでくれるよう

# sudo visudo

#Defaults       env_reset
Defaults        env_keep += "PATH"
Defaults        mail_badpass
#Defaults       secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"


…と思ったけど,この手順だとanacondaのパスが複数回追加されることに気付いたし,セキュリティ上アレ.
今回は他に色々入れるわけでもないし,これでは/usr/sbinが読みに行けなくなるし,
/etc/sudoers.d/推奨
Please consider adding local content in /etc/sudoers.d/ instead of
# directly modifying this file.

とあるので,以下のように設定した.

通常のパス

↑のechoでも良いけど,複数回追加されるのをどうしても回避できなかったので,Anacondaさんが標準でinitializeする際に追加してくれるスクリプトを書くことにした.

$ sudo vi /etc/profile.d/anaconda.sh
/etc/profile.d/anaconda.sh
#export PATH="/usr/local/lib/anaconda3/bin:$PATH"

# >>> conda initialize >>>
# !! Contents within this block are managed by 'conda init' !!
__conda_setup="$('/usr/local/lib/anaconda3/bin/conda' 'shell.bash' 'hook' 2> /dev/null)"
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    eval "$__conda_setup"
else
    if [ -f "/usr/local/lib/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" ]; then
        . "/usr/local/lib/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
    else
        export PATH="/usr/local/lib/anaconda3/bin:$PATH"
    fi
fi
unset __conda_setup
# <<< conda initialize <<<

最初の1行はただの元のechoのexportの残骸です.

sudoでのパス

前述の通り/etc/sudoersは触らずに/etc/sudoers.d/

$ sudo visudo -f /etc/sudoers.d/anaconda3

などと作成し,/etc/sudoerssecure_path/usr/local/lib/anaconda3/binを追加したもので置き換えてあげる.

/etc/sudoers.d/anaconda3.tmp
Defaults       secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin:/usr/local/lib/anaconda3/bin"

とする.
(visudoだと.tmpを編集して構文チェックかけてから本体に保存するんですね.)
ちなみに/etc/sudoersのsecure_pathに+=的な事が出来ないかと調べましたが,無理そうです.

rootでのパス

↑でsudoはできるけどsudo suで通らないので.bashrcに追記.

$ sudo su
# cat /etc/profile.d/anaconda.sh >> ~/.bashrc

パスが通ったか確認

ここまで来たらログインし直して

$ conda --version
conda 4.6.11
$ sudo conda --version
conda 4.6.11
$ sudo su
# conda --version
conda 4.6.14

こんなノリでcondaが使える事を確認.


ちなみに一人で使うだけだったりユーザが各自で入れるのであればyesにして

modified /home/(user_name)/.bashrc
[no] >>> yes
WARNING: The conda.compat module is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
no change     /usr/local/lib/anaconda3/condabin/conda
no change     /usr/local/lib/anaconda3/bin/conda
no change     /usr/local/lib/anaconda3/bin/conda-env
no change     /usr/local/lib/anaconda3/bin/activate
no change     /usr/local/lib/anaconda3/bin/deactivate
no change     /usr/local/lib/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
no change     /usr/local/lib/anaconda3/etc/fish/conf.d/conda.fish
no change     /usr/local/lib/anaconda3/shell/condabin/Conda.psm1
no change     /usr/local/lib/anaconda3/shell/condabin/conda-hook.ps1
no change     /usr/local/lib/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/xonsh/conda.xsh
no change     /usr/local/lib/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.csh
modified      /home/(user_name)/.bashrc

==> For changes to take effect, close and re-open your current shell. <==

If you'd prefer that conda's base environment not be activated on startup, 
   set the auto_activate_base parameter to false: 

conda config --set auto_activate_base false

Thank you for installing Anaconda3!

===========================================================================

Anaconda and JetBrains are working together to bring you Anaconda-powered
environments tightly integrated in the PyCharm IDE.

PyCharm for Anaconda is available at:
https://www.anaconda.com/pycharm


こんな感じで.bashrcをmodifiedしてもらった方が楽.
この場合は/usr/local/lib/なので変な事になるけど,defaultの/home/(user_name)/anaconda3のようにユーザの配下で.
なお,

# >>> conda initialize >>>
# !! Contents within this block are managed by 'conda init' !!
__conda_setup="$('/usr/local/lib/anaconda3/bin/conda' 'shell.bash' 'hook' 2> /dev/null)"
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    eval "$__conda_setup"
else
    if [ -f "/usr/local/lib/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" ]; then
        . "/usr/local/lib/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
    else
        export PATH="/usr/local/lib/anaconda3/bin:$PATH"
    fi
fi
unset __conda_setup
# <<< conda initialize <<<

こんな感じの文言が追加される.
(はい,以上が寝ぼけてsudo bashした上にyesにしてしまった際のログです,結果的に↑でパス通す時に役立った笑)
そして,パスが2回追加される現象がどうしても回避できなくて調べている間に
zsh(やshやbash)でパス系環境変数の重複を除去する
優秀な後輩くんの記事とか発見した笑

JupyterHub環境の構築

WindowsでJupyterHubを使いたくて始めたことなのでここが本番.

JupyterHubのインストール

$ sudo conda install jupyterhub

途中でconda 4.6.11-py37_0 --> 4.6.14-py37_0とcondaのバージョン上げるねって言われたりしつつ,インストール完了後

$ sudo jupyterhub --no-ssl

と叩き,Firefoxとかで http://localhost:8000/ にアクセスして
jupyterhub_login.png
こんなログイン画面が出ればとりあえずOK.
一応ログインもしてみると,http://localhost:8000/user/(user_name)/treeというURLになり,ログインしたユーザのhomeが見えるはず.

JupyterHubの設定

homeからスタートするのは微妙な気がするので,

$ cd /usr/local/lib/anaconda3
$ sudo jupyterhub --generate-config
Writing default config to: jupyterhub_config.py

でdefaultのjupyterhub_config.pyを作り,

$ sudo vi jupyterhub_config.py

で編集.

jupyterhub_config.py
## Path to the notebook directory for the single-user server.
#
#  The user sees a file listing of this directory when the notebook interface is
#  started. The current interface does not easily allow browsing beyond the
#  subdirectories in this directory's tree.
#
#  `~` will be expanded to the home directory of the user, and {username} will be
#  replaced with the name of the user.
#
#  Note that this does *not* prevent users from accessing files outside of this
#  path! They can do so with many other means.
#c.Spawner.notebook_dir = ''

辺りを探して

jupyterhub_config.py
c.Spawner.notebook_dir = '~/notebooks'

とする.
当然,普通にadduserしただけではnotebooksなんてディレクトリは作られないので,

$ sudo mkdir /etc/skel/notebooks

で/etc/skel/にnotebooksディレクトリを用意しておく.
既存ユーザにも無いので,

$ mkdir ~/notebooks

既にいっぱいユーザが居るなら…頑張って作って回るか,スクリプト書く.

さらに,いかにもな8000番ポートは嫌なので,

jupyterhub_config.py
## The public facing port of the proxy.
# 
#  This is the port on which the proxy will listen. This is the only port through
#  which JupyterHub should be accessed by users.
# 
#  .. deprecated: 0.9
#      Use JupyterHub.bind_url
#c.JupyterHub.port = 8000

辺りを探して

jupyterhub_config.py
c.JupyterHub.port = [お好きなポート番号]

とする.ちなみにWSLで同じ設定をしているので,同時に走らせる事はないだろうけれど別のポートにした.
さらに,テストでログイン画面出した際にWarningが出ていた通りhttpsで通信したいので,WSLのときと同様にSSLの設定を

$ cd /usr/local/lib/anaconda3
$ sudo su
# mkdir cert
# chmod 600 cert
# cd cert
# openssl req -x509 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout secret.key > jupyter.pem

とりあえずCommon NameにIPかドメイン(orマシン)名,後は適当に埋めるか空欄で

Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:JP
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

jupyter.pemとsecret.keyを作成.

再度jupyterhub_config.pyを編集して

jupyterhub_config.py
c.JupyterHub.ssl_cert = '/usr/local/lib/anaconda3/cert/jupyter.pem'
c.JupyterHub.ssl_key = '/usr/local/lib/anaconda3/cert/secret.key'

と設定.
今度はssl有り起動で

$ (cd /usr/local/lib/anaconda3 && sudo jupyterhub)

https://localhost:[お好きなポート番号]/ に繋がればOK.
うまく出来ていれば
jupyterhub_login_ssl_moz.png
のようにWarning無しのログイン画面になる.

JupyterHubの自動起動

辺りを参考に,systemdでJupyterHubが自動起動するように設定.
すんなりいかなかったけど,とりあえず以降の手順で動いた.

必要ライブラリのインストール

nodejsconfigurable-http-proxyを入れる.

$ sudo apt install nodejs
$ sudo npm install -g configurable-http-proxy

configurable-http-proxyの方は

$ sudo npm install -g configurable-http-proxy
/usr/local/lib/anaconda3/bin/configurable-http-proxy -> /usr/local/lib/anaconda3/lib/node_modules/configurable-http-proxy/bin/configurable-http-proxy
- ms@2.1.1 node_modules/configurable-http-proxy/node_modules/logform/node_modules/ms
/usr/local/lib/anaconda3/lib
└─┬ configurable-http-proxy@4.1.0 
  ├─┬ http-proxy@1.17.0
  │ ├── eventemitter3@3.1.2 
  │ └─┬ follow-redirects@1.7.0 
  │   └── debug@3.2.6 
  └─┬ winston@3.2.1 
    ├── async@2.6.2 
    ├─┬ diagnostics@1.1.1
    │ └── colorspace@1.1.2 
    ├─┬ logform@2.1.2 
    │ ├── colors@1.3.3 
    │ └── ms@2.1.2 
    ├─┬ readable-stream@3.4.0 
    │ └── string_decoder@1.2.0 
    └─┬ winston-transport@4.3.0 
      └─┬ readable-stream@2.3.6 
        └── string_decoder@1.1.1 

こんな実行結果が出る.

jupyterhub_config.pyの設定

続いて,

$ sudo vi /usr/local/lib/anaconda3/jupyterhub_config.py

jupyterhub_config.pyを再度編集し,
configurable-http-proxyjupyterhub-singleuserにパスを通す.

↓Use ConfigurableHTTPProxy.commandって書いてあるから従っておく.

jupyterhub_config.py
## DEPRECATED since version 0.8. Use ConfigurableHTTPProxy.command
#c.JupyterHub.proxy_cmd = []
c.ConfigurableHTTPProxy.command = '/usr/local/lib/anaconda3/bin/configurable-http-proxy'

↓なんで通らないのかわかってないけどとりあえずフルパスを

jupyterhub_config.py
#  python environment (with virtualenv/conda) than JupyterHub itself.
#
#  Some spawners allow shell-style expansion here, allowing you to use
#  environment variables. Most, including the default, do not. Consult the
#  documentation for your spawner to verify!
#c.Spawner.cmd = ['jupyterhub-singleuser']
c.Spawner.cmd = ['/usr/local/lib/anaconda3/bin/jupyterhub-singleuser']

サービスの登録

適当な名前.serviceを作成し,

$ sudo vi /lib/systemd/system/jupyterhub.service

root動作想定で入れたので

/lib/systemd/system/jupyterhub.service
[Unit]
Description=Jupyterhub

[Service]
User=root
ExecStart=/usr/local/lib/anaconda3/bin/jupyterhub
WorkingDirectory=/usr/local/lib/anaconda3

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

こんな感じに.
あとは

$ sudo systemctl enable jupyterhub
$ sudo systemctl start jupyterhub
$ sudo systemctl status jupyterhub

この辺りのコマンドで動作確認.
逐一statusを確認していくと

$ sudo systemctl status jupyterhub
● jupyterhub.service - Jupyterhub
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/jupyterhub.service; disabled; vendor pres
   Active: inactive (dead)
$ sudo systemctl enable jupyterhub
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/jupyterhub.service → /lib/systemd/system/jupyterhub.service.
$ sudo systemctl status jupyterhub
● jupyterhub.service - Jupyterhub
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/jupyterhub.service; enabled; vendor prese
   Active: inactive (dead)
$ sudo systemctl start jupyterhub
$ sudo systemctl status jupyterhub
● jupyterhub.service - Jupyterhub
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/jupyterhub.service; enabled; vendor prese
   Active: active (running) since xxx ago
 Main PID: 61478 (jupyterhub)
    Tasks: 7 (limit: 19104)
   CGroup: /system.slice/jupyterhub.service
           ├─61478 /usr/local/lib/anaconda3/bin/python /usr/local/lib/anaconda3/
           └─61483 node /usr/local/lib/anaconda3/bin/configurable-http-proxy --i

こうなります.

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