フォルダ作成
tutrialフォルダを作成し、その下にclientとserverフォルダを作成する。
(clientはのちにAngularを使って実装する)
$ mkdir tutrial
$ cd tutrial/
$ mkdir client server
必要なモジュールのインストール
$ pip install django
$ pip install djangorestframework
$ pip install pygments
djangoプロジェクトの作成
configという名前で作成する
$ django-admin startproject config server/
Appを作成
$ cd server
$ python manage.py startapp snippets
INSTALLED_APPSへの追加
config/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = (
...
'rest_framework',
'snippets.apps.SnippetsConfig',
)
モデルの作成
models.pyの定義
snippets/models.py
from django.db import models
from pygments.lexers import get_all_lexers
from pygments.styles import get_all_styles
LEXERS = [item for item in get_all_lexers() if item[1]]
LANGUAGE_CHOICES = sorted([(item[1][0], item[0]) for item in LEXERS])
STYLE_CHOICES = sorted((item, item) for item in get_all_styles())
class Snippet(models.Model):
created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
title = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, default='')
code = models.TextField()
linenos = models.BooleanField(default=False)
language = models.CharField(choices=LANGUAGE_CHOICES, default='python', max_length=100)
style = models.CharField(choices=STYLE_CHOICES, default='friendly', max_length=100)
class Meta:
ordering = ('created',)
migration
$ python manage.py makemigrations snippets
$ python manage.py migrate
Serializer classの作成
新規でserializers.pyを作成する。
snippets/serializers.py
from rest_framework import serializers
from snippets.models import Snippet, LANGUAGE_CHOICES, STYLE_CHOICES
class SnippetSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Snippet
fields = ('id', 'title', 'code', 'linenos', 'language', 'style')
def create(self, validated_data):
"""
Create and return a new `Snippet` instance, given the validated data.
"""
return Snippet.objects.create(**validated_data)
def update(self, instance, validated_data):
"""
Update and return an existing `Snippet` instance, given the validated data.
"""
instance.title = validated_data.get('title', instance.title)
instance.code = validated_data.get('code', instance.code)
instance.linenos = validated_data.get('linenos', instance.linenos)
instance.language = validated_data.get('language', instance.language)
instance.style = validated_data.get('style', instance.style)
instance.save()
return instance
Viewの作成
@csrf_exemptはcsrfトークンを持たないクライアントからのPOSTをできるようにするためのデコレータ。
snippets/views.py
from django.http import HttpResponse, JsonResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
from snippets.models import Snippet
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
@csrf_exempt
def snippet_list(request):
"""
List all code snippets, or create a new snippet.
"""
if request.method == 'GET':
snippets = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippets, many=True)
return JsonResponse(serializer.data, safe=False)
elif request.method == 'POST':
data = JSONParser().parse(request)
serializer = SnippetSerializer(data=data)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return JsonResponse(serializer.data, status=201)
return JsonResponse(serializer.errors, status=400)
@csrf_exempt
def snippet_detail(request, pk):
"""
Retrieve, update or delete a code snippet.
"""
try:
snippet = Snippet.objects.get(pk=pk)
except Snippet.DoesNotExist:
return HttpResponse(status=404)
if request.method == 'GET':
serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet)
return JsonResponse(serializer.data)
elif request.method == 'PUT':
data = JSONParser().parse(request)
serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet, data=data)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return JsonResponse(serializer.data)
return JsonResponse(serializer.errors, status=400)
elif request.method == 'DELETE':
snippet.delete()
return HttpResponse(status=204)
Urlの作成
アプリ側の設定
新しくsnippets/urls.pyを作成する
snippets/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from snippets import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^snippets/$', views.snippet_list),
url(r'^snippets/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.snippet_detail),
]
プロジェクト全体の設定
config/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^', include('snippets.urls')),
]
動作確認
サーバ起動
$ python manage.py runserver
クライアントからリクエスト送信
$ pip install httpie
$ http http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 352
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Tue, 12 Dec 2017 01:45:02 GMT
Server: WSGIServer/0.2 CPython/3.6.3
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
[
{
"code": "foo = \"bar\"\n",
"id": 1,
"language": "python",
"linenos": false,
"style": "friendly",
"title": ""
},
{
"code": "print \"hello, world\"\n",
"id": 2,
"language": "python",
"linenos": false,
"style": "friendly",
"title": ""
},
{
"code": "print \"hello, world\"",
"id": 3,
"language": "python",
"linenos": false,
"style": "friendly",
"title": ""
}
]