1
0

Delete article

Deleted articles cannot be recovered.

Draft of this article would be also deleted.

Are you sure you want to delete this article?

More than 3 years have passed since last update.

Flutter #3Advent Calendar 2020

Day 1

FlutterでSemanticsクラスを使ってコンテキストメニューを作成

Last updated at Posted at 2020-07-31

表題の機能を組み込むときに参考情報が少なかったので、メモとして記します。


##実現したいこと
アプリにはタップや長押しで呼び出すメニューの他に、スクリーンリーダー(Android→TalkBack、iOS→VoiceOver)向けにコンテキストメニューを提供することができます。
Androidでは
ローカルコンテキストメニュー操作
(ローカルコンテキストメニューは上にスワイプしてから右にスワイプで開きます。)
iOSでは縦のスワイプ
でそれぞれ呼び出すことができます。
これにより素早く機能を呼び出すことが可能です。
作成は対象のウィジェットを__Semantics()__で囲い__customSemanticsActions__プロパティでメニューを定義します。

また__onTap__と__onLongPress__プロパティでタップと長押しの動作も定義できます。
これは__GestureDetector()__でウィジェットを囲い定義することと同様です。
Semantics()ではそれぞれ__onTaphint__と__onLongPressHint__プロパティを使うことで、スクリーンリーダーがアナウンスする内容を指定することができます。
それぞれのジェスチャーで何ができるのか、事前に把握できるのはユーザにとって有益です。
が、私が試したところ、__onLongPress__は動作しませんでした。
解決策としてはジェスチャーはGestureDetector()で定義し、ヒントをSemantics()で定義すればOKです。

下記のサンプルコードは新規プロジェクトで作成されるコードに上記の内容を書き加えた物です。
スクリーンリーダーの挙動はこちらで確認できます。

##サンプルコード

sample.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import  'package:flutter/semantics.dart';
 
void main() {
  runApp(MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  // This widget is the root of your application.
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter Demo',
      theme: ThemeData(
        // This is the theme of your application.
        //
        // Try running your application with "flutter run". You'll see the
        // application has a blue toolbar. Then, without quitting the app, try
        // changing the primarySwatch below to Colors.green and then invoke
        // "hot reload" (press "r" in the console where you ran "flutter run",
        // or simply save your changes to "hot reload" in a Flutter IDE).
        // Notice that the counter didn't reset back to zero; the application
        // is not restarted.
        primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
        // This makes the visual density adapt to the platform that you run
        // the app on. For desktop platforms, the controls will be smaller and
        // closer together (more dense) than on mobile platforms.
        visualDensity: VisualDensity.adaptivePlatformDensity,
      ),
      home: MyHomePage(title: 'Flutter Demo Home Page'),
    );
  }
}

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {
  MyHomePage({Key key, this.title}) : super(key: key);

  // This widget is the home page of your application. It is stateful, meaning
  // that it has a State object (defined below) that contains fields that affect
  // how it looks.

  // This class is the configuration for the state. It holds the values (in this
  // case the title) provided by the parent (in this case the App widget) and
  // used by the build method of the State. Fields in a Widget subclass are
  // always marked "final".

  final String title;

  @override
  _MyHomePageState createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
  int _counter = 0;


   _incrementCounter() {
           setState((){
             _counter ++;
           });
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    // This method is rerun every time setState is called, for instance as done
    // by the _incrementCounter method above.
    //
    // The Flutter framework has been optimized to make rerunning build methods
    // fast, so that you can just rebuild anything that needs updating rather
    // than having to individually change instances of widgets.
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        // Here we take the value from the MyHomePage object that was created by
        // the App.build method, and use it to set our appbar title.
        title: Text(widget.title),
                  ),
      body: Center(
        // Center is a layout widget. It takes a single child and positions it
        // in the middle of the parent.
        child: Column(
          // Column is also a layout widget. It takes a list of children and
          // arranges them vertically. By default, it sizes itself to fit its
          // children horizontally, and tries to be as tall as its parent.
          //
          // Invoke "debug painting" (press "p" in the console, choose the
          // "Toggle Debug Paint" action from the Flutter Inspector in Android
          // Studio, or the "Toggle Debug Paint" command in Visual Studio Code)
          // to see the wireframe for each widget.
          //
          // Column has various properties to control how it sizes itself and
          // how it positions its children. Here we use mainAxisAlignment to
          // center the children vertically; the main axis here is the vertical
          // axis because Columns are vertical (the cross axis would be
          // horizontal).
          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
          children: <Widget>[
            Text(
              'You have pushed the button this many times:',
            ),
            Semantics(
              child:               GestureDetector(
            child: Text(
              '$_counter',
              style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.headline4,
            ),
                    // excludeSemantics: true,
        // value: _counter,
            onTap: _incrementCounter,
            onLongPress: () => setState(() => _counter =0 ),
              ),
        button: true,
            onTapHint: '値を増加',
            onLongPressHint: 'リセット',
            customSemanticsActions: <CustomSemanticsAction, VoidCallback>{
CustomSemanticsAction(label: 'Increment'): _incrementCounter,
CustomSemanticsAction(label: 'reset'): () => setState(() => _counter = 0),
        },
                  ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
      floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
        onPressed: () { _incrementCounter (); },
        tooltip: 'Increment',
        child: Icon(Icons.add),
      ), // This trailing comma makes auto-formatting nicer for build methods.
    );
  }
}

##補足
ボタンにコンテキストメニューを不可する場合は更に
excludeSemantics: true,
value: 'increment',
button: true,
などのプロパティが必要です。
プロパティがなくても動作しますが、スクリーンリーダーがアナウンスしないため、ユーザがメニューに気が付けません。

参考ページ
Semantics class - widgets library - Dart API
1
0
1

Register as a new user and use Qiita more conveniently

  1. You get articles that match your needs
  2. You can efficiently read back useful information
  3. You can use dark theme
What you can do with signing up
1
0

Delete article

Deleted articles cannot be recovered.

Draft of this article would be also deleted.

Are you sure you want to delete this article?