UIViewControllerの画面構成・画面遷移まとめ (iPhone向け)

UIKit による iOSアプリの画面は１つ以上の UIViewController で構成され、画面遷移も UIViewController により行われます。また、UIViewController間の関連性は UIViewController のプロパティにより把握することができます。

この記事では iPhone 向けの画面構成・画面遷移、そしてその関連性について整理してまとめたものです。主に iPad 向けの Split View や Popover については触れません。

1. UIViewController

1つの UIViewController だけで構成される最もシンプルな状態。

let viewControllerA = UIViewController()
window.rootViewController = viewControllerA

2. UIViewController → UIViewController (Present Modally)

UIViewController の present(_:, animated:) メソッドにより、別の UIViewController をモーダル表示。

let viewControllerA = UIViewController()
window.rootViewController = viewControllerA

let viewControllerB = UIViewController()
viewControllerA.present(viewControllerB, animated: true)

• viewControllerA.presentedViewController → viewControllerB
• viewControllerB.presentingViewController → viewControllerA

3. UIViewController → UIViewController (Embed)

UIViewController に別の UIViewController を組み込み、コンテナとして振る舞う。

let viewControllerA = UIViewController()
window.rootViewController = viewControllerA

let viewControllerB = UIViewController()
viewControllerA.addChild(viewControllerB)
viewControllerA.view.addSubview(viewControllerB.view)
viewControllerB.didMove(toParent: viewControllerA)

• viewControllerA.children → [viewControllerB]
• viewControllerB.parent → viewControllerA

4. UINavigationController → UIViewController (Root) → UIViewController (Show Detail)

UINavigationController という特殊な UIViewController。複数の UIViewController を扱うコンテナとして振る舞い、ドリルダウン形式の画面遷移を行う。

let viewControllerA = UIViewController()
let navigationController = UINavigationController(rootViewController: viewControllerA)
window.rootViewController = navigationController

let viewControllerB = UIViewController()
viewControllerA.navigationController?.pushViewController(viewControllerB, animated: true)

• navigationController.children → [viewControllerA, viewControllerB]
• navigationController.viewControllers → [viewControllerA, viewControllerB]
• navigationController.topViewController → viewControllerB
• navigationController.visibleViewController → viewControllerB
• viewControllerA.parent → navigationController
• viewControllerA.navigationController → navigationController
• viewControllerB.parent → navigationController
• viewControllerB.navigationController → navigationController

5. UINavigationController → UIViewController (Root) → UIViewController (Show Detail) → UIViewController (Present Modally)

UINavigationController から別の UIViewController をモーダル表示。

let viewControllerA = UIViewController()
let navigationController = UINavigationController(rootViewController: viewControllerA)
window.rootViewController = navigationController

let viewControllerB = UIViewController()
viewControllerA.navigationController?.pushViewController(viewControllerB, animated: true)

let viewControllerC = UIViewController()
viewControllerB.present(viewControllerC, animated: true)

• navigationController.children → [viewControllerA, viewControllerB]
• navigationController.viewControllers → [viewControllerA, viewControllerB]
• navigationController.topViewController → viewControllerB
• navigationController.visibleViewController → viewControllerC
• navigationController.presentedViewController → viewControllerC
• viewControllerA.parent → navigationController
• viewControllerA.navigationController → navigationController
• viewControllerA.presentedViewController → viewControllerC
• viewControllerB.parent → navigationController
• viewControllerB.navigationController → navigationController
• viewControllerB.presentedViewController → viewControllerC
• viewControllerC.presentingViewController → navigationController

6. UITabBarController → [UIViewController, UIViewController]

UITabBarController という特殊な UIViewController。複数の UIViewController を扱うコンテナとして振る舞い、タブ形式の画面遷移を行う。

let tabBarController = UITabBarController()
window.rootViewController = tabBarController

let viewControllerA = UIViewController()
let viewControllerB = UIViewController()
tabBarController.viewControllers = [viewControllerA, viewControllerB]

• tabBarController.children → [viewControllerA, viewControllerB]
• tabBarController.viewControllers → [viewControllerA, viewControllerB]
• tabBarController.selectedViewController → viewControllerA
• viewControllerA.parent → tabBarController
• viewControllerA.tabBarController → tabBarController
• viewControllerB.parent → tabBarController
• viewControllerB.tabBarController → tabBarController

7. UITabBarController → [UIViewController, UIViewController] → UIViewController (Present Modally)

UITabBarController から別の UIViewController をモーダル表示。

let tabBarController = UITabBarController()
window.rootViewController = tabBarController

let viewControllerA = UIViewController()
let viewControllerB = UIViewController()
tabBarController.viewControllers = [viewControllerA, viewControllerB]
tabBarController.selectedIndex = 1

let viewControllerC = UIViewController()
viewControllerB.present(viewControllerC, animated: true)

• tabBarController.children → [viewControllerA, viewControllerB]
• tabBarController.viewControllers → [viewControllerA, viewControllerB]
• tabBarController.selectedViewController → viewControllerB
• tabBarController.presentedViewController → viewControllerC
• viewControllerA.parent → tabBarController
• viewControllerA.tabBarController → tabBarController
• viewControllerA.presentedViewController → viewControllerC
• viewControllerB.parent → tabBarController
• viewControllerB.tabBarController → tabBarController
• viewControllerB.presentedViewController → viewControllerC
• viewControllerC.presentingViewController → tabBarController

8. UITabBarController → [UIViewController, UINavigationController → UIViewController (Root) → UIViewController (Show Detail)]

UITabBarController と UINavigationController の組み合わせ。

let tabBarController = UITabBarController()
window.rootViewController = tabBarController

let viewControllerA = UIViewController()
let viewControllerB = UIViewController()
let navigationController = UINavigationController(rootViewController: viewControllerB)
tabBarController.viewControllers = [viewControllerA, navigationController]
tabBarController.selectedIndex = 1

let viewControllerC = UIViewController()
navigationController.pushViewController(viewControllerC, animated: true)

• tabBarController.children → [viewControllerA, navigationController]
• tabBarController.viewControllers → [viewControllerA, navigationController]
• tabBarController.selectedViewController → navigationController
• viewControllerA.parent → tabBarController
• viewControllerA.tabBarController → tabBarController
• navigationController.parent → tabBarController
• navigationController.tabBarController → tabBarController
• navigationController.children → [viewControllerB, navigationControllerC]
• navigationController.viewControllers → [viewControllerB, navigationControllerC]
• navigationController.topViewController → viewControllerC
• navigationController.visibleViewController → viewControllerC
• viewControllerB.parent → navigationController
• viewControllerB.navigationController → navigationController
• viewControllerB.tabBarController → tabBarController
• viewControllerC.parent → navigationController
• viewControllerC.navigationController → navigationController
• viewControllerC.tabBarController → tabBarController