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PHP基礎構文 マジックメソッドを全て利用してみる

Last updated at Posted at 2020-01-19

前提

  • 実行環境
    • PHP 7.1.32
  • 本エントリーでは、PHPが用意する全マジックメソッドに関する挙動について触れる

マジックメソッドとは

インスタンスがある特定の条件になったときに、明示的にcallしなくても暗黙的にcallされるメソッド

引用元便利だけど使いどころが難しいPHPの代表的なマジックメソッドと無名関数の使い方

  • 暗黙的にコールされる事がポイント

__construct()

class Message
{
    public function __construct()
    {
        print 'call ' . __METHOD__ . PHP_EOL;
    }
}

var_dump(new Message());

/* 出力結果 */
call Message::__construct
object(Message)#1 (0) {
}

__destruct()

class Message
{
    public function __construct()
    {
        print 'call ' . __METHOD__ . PHP_EOL;
    }

    public function __destruct()
    {
        print 'call ' . __METHOD__ . PHP_EOL;
    }
}

var_dump(new Message());

/* 出力結果 */
call Message::__construct
object(Message)#1 (0) {
}
call Message::__destruct

__call()

<?php

class Message
{
    public function __call(string $name, array $arguments)
    {
        print 'call ' . __METHOD__ . PHP_EOL;
        print 'Value of first argument $name: ' . $name . PHP_EOL;
        print 'Value of second argument $arguments: ' . implode($arguments) . PHP_EOL;
    }
}

$message = new Message();
$message->getMessage('Hello');
var_dump($message);

/* 出力結果 */
call Message::__call
Value of first argument $name: getMessage
Value of second argument $arguments: Hello
object(Message)#1 (0) {
}

__callStatic()

  • アクセス不能メソッドを静的にアクセスした時にコールされるメソッド
class Message
{
    public static function __callStatic(string $name, array $arguments)
    {
        print 'call ' . __METHOD__ . PHP_EOL;
        print 'Value of first argument $name: ' . $name . PHP_EOL;
        print 'Value of second argument $arguments: ' . implode($arguments) . PHP_EOL;
    }
}

$message = new Message();
$message::getMessage('Hello');
var_dump($message);

/* 出力結果 */
call Message::__callStatic
Value of first argument $name: getMessage
Value of second argument $arguments: Hello
object(Message)#1 (0) {
}

__get()

<?php

class Message
{
    private $message = [];

    public function __get(string $name)
    {
        print 'call ' . __METHOD__ . PHP_EOL;
        print 'Value of first argument $name: ' . $name . PHP_EOL;
        return $this->message;
    }
}

$message = new Message();
var_dump($message->message);

/* 出力結果 */
call Message::__get
Value of first argument $name: message
array(0) {
}

__set()

<?php

class Message
{
    private $message = [];

    public function __get(string $name)
    {
        print 'call ' . __METHOD__ . PHP_EOL;
        print 'Value of first argument $name: ' . $name . PHP_EOL;
        if (array_key_exists($name, $this->message)) {
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public function __set(string $name, $value)
    {
        print 'call ' . __METHOD__ . PHP_EOL;
        print 'Value of first argument $name: ' . $name . PHP_EOL;
        print 'Value of second argument $value: ' . $value . PHP_EOL;
        $this->message[$name] = $value;
        print PHP_EOL;
    }
}

$message = new Message();
$message->message = 'Hello';
var_dump($message->message);

/* 出力結果 */
call Message::__set
Value of first argument $name: message
Value of second argument $value: Hello

call Message::__get
Value of first argument $name: message
bool(true)

__isset()

<?php

class Message
{
    private $message = [];

    public function __isset(string $name)
    {
        print 'call ' . __METHOD__ . PHP_EOL;
        print 'Value of first argument $name: ' . $name . PHP_EOL;
        return isset($this->message[$name]);
    }
}

$message = new Message();
var_dump(isset($message->message));

/* 出力結果 */
call Message::__isset
Value of first argument $name: message
bool(false)

__unset()

<?php

class Message
{
    private $message = [];

    public function __unset(string $name)
    {
        print 'call ' . __METHOD__ . PHP_EOL;
        print 'Value of first argument $name: ' . $name . PHP_EOL;
        unset($this->message[$name]);
    }
}

$message = new Message();
unset($message->message);

/* 出力結果 */
call Message::__unset
Value of first argument $name: message

__sleep()

class Message
{
    public function __sleep()
    {
        print 'call ' . __METHOD__ . PHP_EOL;
        return [];
    }
}
$message = new Message();
var_dump(serialize($message));

/* 出力結果 */
call Message::__sleep
string(18) "O:7:"Message":0:{}"

__wakeup()

  • unserialize()をコールした時にコールされるメソッド
class Message
{
    public function __wakeup()
    {
        print 'call ' . __METHOD__ . PHP_EOL;
        return [];
    }
}
$message = new Message();
$serializedMessage = serialize($message);
var_dump(unserialize($serializedMessage));

/* 出力結果 */
call Message::__wakeup
object(Message)#2 (0) {
}

__toString()

class Message
{
    public function __toString()
    {
        print 'call ' . __METHOD__ . PHP_EOL;
        return 'Hello' . PHP_EOL;
    }
}

$message = new Message();
echo $message;

/* 出力結果 */
call Message::__toString
Hello

__invoke()

class Message
{
    public function __invoke($value)
    {
        print 'call ' . __METHOD__ . PHP_EOL;
        echo $value . PHP_EOL;
    }
}

$message = new Message();
$message('Hello');
var_dump($message);

/* 出力結果 */
call Message::__invoke
Hello
object(Message)#1 (0) {
}

__set_state()

class Message
{
    public $val_a;
    public $val_b;

    public static function __set_state(array $properties)
    {
        $this->val_a = $properties['val_a'];
        $this->val_b = $properties['val_b'];
        print 'call ' . __METHOD__ . PHP_EOL;
    }
}

$message = new Message();
$message->val_a = 'Hello';
$message->val_b = 'Good morning';
var_export($message);

/* 出力結果 */
Message::__set_state(array(
   'val_a' => 'Hello',
   'val_b' => 'Good morning',
))

__clone()

class Message
{
    public function __clone()
    {
        print 'call ' . __METHOD__ . PHP_EOL;
    }
}

$message = new Message();
var_dump(clone $message);

/* 出力結果 */
call Message::__clone
object(Message)#2 (0) {
}

__debugInfo()

class Message
{
    public function __debugInfo()
    {
        print 'call ' . __METHOD__ . PHP_EOL;
        return [];
    }
}

var_dump(new Message());

/* 出力結果 */
call Message::__debugInfo
object(Message)#1 (0) {
}
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