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TypescriptでExact(完全一致)を実現する方法

Last updated at Posted at 2019-12-13

型が完全一致しないとエラーにする方法です。
そこで、以下のようなExactというGenericを定義して使います。

type Exact<T, R> = T extends R
  ? R extends T
    ? T
    : never
  : never

type Base = {
  b: number
}

type Derived = Base & {
  d: number
}

function baseFunc(base: Base) {}
function exactBaseFunc<T = Base>(b: Exact<T, Base>) {}

const base: Base = { b: 1 }
const derived: Derived = { b: 1, d: 2 }

baseFunc(base)          // ok
baseFunc(derived)       // ok
exactBaseFunc(base)     // ok
exactBaseFunc(derived)  // error

補足ですが、派生の型に基本の型を入れるとエラーになります。

function derivedFunc(derived: Derived) {}
derivedFunc(base)       // error
derivedFunc(derived)    // ok

APIやストレージなど、特定のプロパティしか保存したくないという時にこのようにしておくと型でエラーが出るので安心。

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