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はじめての記事投稿

[JavaScript] 全角・半角の文字列を変換する方法

Last updated at Posted at 2023-07-08

文字列の入力を全角または半角に変換して統一することは、非常に役立ちます。
JavaScriptによって、数字、アルファベット、カタカナの全角半角変換を簡単に実現できます。
ここでは、その実装方法についてメモしたいと思います。

全角 → 半角 (英数字)

function toHalfWidth(str) {
  // 全角英数字を半角に変換
  str = str.replace(/[A-Za-z0-9]/g, function(s) {
    return String.fromCharCode(s.charCodeAt(0) - 0xFEE0);
  });
  return str;
}

>> console.log(toHalfWidth("abc123")); // "abc123"

全角 → 半角 (カタカナ)

function kanaFullToHalf(str){
    let kanaMap = {
        "": "ガ", "": "ギ", "": "グ", "": "ゲ", "": "ゴ",
        "": "ザ", "": "ジ", "": "ズ", "": "ゼ", "": "ゾ",
        "": "ダ", "": "ヂ", "": "ヅ", "": "デ", "": "ド",
        "": "バ", "": "ビ", "": "ブ", "": "ベ", "": "ボ",
        "": "パ", "": "ピ", "": "プ", "": "ペ", "": "ポ",
        "": "ヴ", "": "ヷ", "": "ヺ",
        "": "", "": "", "": "", "": "", "": "",
        "": "", "": "", "": "", "": "", "": "",
        "": "", "": "", "": "", "": "", "": "ソ",
        "": "", "": "", "": "", "": "", "": "",
        "": "", "": "", "": "", "": "", "": "",
        "": "", "": "", "": "", "": "", "": "",
        "": "", "": "", "": "", "": "", "": "",
        "": "", "": "", "": "",
        "": "", "": "", "": "", "": "", "": "",
        "": "", "": "", "": "",
        "": "", "": "", "": "", "": "", "": "",
        "": "", "": "", "": "", "": "",
        "": "", "": "", "": "", "": "", "": "", "": "",
        " ": " "
    };
    let reg = new RegExp('(' + Object.keys(kanaMap).join('|') + ')', 'g');
    return str.replace(reg, function(s){
        return kanaMap[s];
    }).replace(/゛/g, '').replace(/゜/g, '');
}

>> console.log(this.kanaFullToHalf("アイウエオ")); // "アイウエオ"
>> console.log(this.kanaFullToHalf("テスト クレジットカード")); // "テスト クレジットカード"

半角 → 全角 (英数字)

function toFullWidth(str) {
  // 半角英数字を全角に変換
  str = str.replace(/[A-Za-z0-9]/g, function(s) {
    return String.fromCharCode(s.charCodeAt(0) + 0xFEE0);
  });
  return str;
}

>> console.log(toFullWidth("abc123")); // "abc123"

半角 → 全角(カタカナ)

function kanaHalfToFull(str) {
    var kanaMap = {
        'ガ': '', 'ギ': '', 'グ': '', 'ゲ': '', 'ゴ': '',
        'ザ': '', 'ジ': '', 'ズ': '', 'ゼ': '', 'ゾ': '',
        'ダ': '', 'ヂ': '', 'ヅ': '', 'デ': '', 'ド': '',
        'バ': '', 'ビ': '', 'ブ': '', 'ベ': '', 'ボ': '',
        'パ': '', 'ピ': '', 'プ': '', 'ペ': '', 'ポ': '',
        'ヴ': '', 'ヷ': '', 'ヺ': '',
        '': '', '': '', '': '', '': '', '': '',
        '': '', '': '', '': '', '': '', '': '',
        '': '', '': '', '': '', '': '', 'ソ': '',
        '': '', '': '', '': '', '': '', '': '',
        '': '', '': '', '': '', '': '', '': '',
        '': '', '': '', '': '', '': '', '': '',
        '': '', '': '', '': '', '': '', '': '',
        '': '', '': '', '': '',
        '': '', '': '', '': '', '': '', '': '',
        '': '', '': '', '': '',
        '': '', '': '', '': '', '': '', '': '',
        '': '', '': '', '': '', '': '',
        '': '', '': '', '': '', '': '', '': '', '': ''
    };

    var reg = new RegExp('(' + Object.keys(kanaMap).join('|') + ')', 'g');
    return str.replace(reg, function (match) {
        return kanaMap[match];
    }).replace(/゙/g, '').replace(/゚/g, '');
};

>> console.log(kanaHalfToFull("アプリケーション")); // "アプリケーション"

カタカナ→ひらがな

function kanaToHira(str) {
  return str.replace(/[\u30a1-\u30f6]/g, function(s){
    return String.fromCharCode(s.charCodeAt(0) - 0x60);
  });
}

>> console.log(kanaToHira("カタカナ")); // "かたかな"

ひらがな→カタカナ

function hiraToKana(str) {
  return str.replace(/[\u3041-\u3096]/g, function(s){
    return String.fromCharCode(s.charCodeAt(0) + 0x60);
  });
}

>> console.log(hiraToKana("ひらがな")); // "ヒラガナ"
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