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Swift(一人)Advent Calendar 2015

Day 19

【Swift】KVOでプロパティーの変更を監視する

Posted at

KVOを使ってみる

KVOとはKey-Value Observingの略で、プロパティーの値の変化を通知してくれる仕組みです。

実装は下のように行います。
addObserverの引数にプロパティー名を渡すと、そのプロパティーが変更された時にobserveValueForKeyPathメソッドが呼ばれるようになります。

class MyClass: NSObject { // NSObjectのサブクラス
    dynamic var prop = 0 // 監視対象にはdynamicを付ける必要がある
    
    override init() {
        super.init()
        addObserver(self, forKeyPath: "prop", options: [.New, .Old], context: nil)
    }
    
    deinit {
        removeObserver(self, forKeyPath: "prop")
    }
    
    override func observeValueForKeyPath(keyPath: String?, ofObject object: AnyObject?, change: [String : AnyObject]?, context: UnsafeMutablePointer<Void>) {
        
        print(keyPath) // Optional("prop")
        print(object) // Optional(<MyApp.MyClass: 0x7fdad1c013d0>)
        print(change) // Optional(["old": 0, "new": 10, "kind": 1])
    }
}

let obj = MyClass()
obj.prop = 10 // プロパティーの値を変更したのでMyClassのobserveValueForKeyPathが呼ばれる

以下のようにObserverを別クラスに分ける事もできます。

class MyClass: NSObject {
    dynamic var prop = 0
}

class MyObserver: NSObject {
    override func observeValueForKeyPath(keyPath: String?, ofObject object: AnyObject?, change: [String : AnyObject]?, context: UnsafeMutablePointer<Void>) {
        
        print(keyPath) // Optional("prop")
        print(object) // Optional(<MyApp.MyClass: 0x7fdad1c013d0>)
        print(change) // Optional(["old": 0, "new": 10, "kind": 1])
    }
}

let observer = MyObserver()
let obj = MyClass()
obj.addObserver(observer, forKeyPath: "prop", options: [.New, .Old], context: nil)
obj.prop1 = 10
obj.removeObserver(observer, forKeyPath: "prop")

willSet/didSetとの違い

willSet/didSetとの違いとしては動的に監視を追加できる事があります。
動的に追加するので、サブクラスで追加されたプロパティーに対する監視も行う事ができます。

class MyClass: NSObject {
    override init() {
        super.init()
        propertyNames.forEach {
            addObserver(self, forKeyPath: $0, options: [.New, .Old], context: nil)
        }
    }
    
    deinit {
        propertyNames.forEach {
            removeObserver(self, forKeyPath: $0)
        }
    }
    
    var propertyNames: [String] {
        let mirror = Mirror(reflecting: self)
        return mirror.children.map { $0.label ?? "" }
    }
    
    override func observeValueForKeyPath(keyPath: String?, ofObject object: AnyObject?, change: [String : AnyObject]?, context: UnsafeMutablePointer<Void>) {
        
        print(keyPath)
        print(object)
        print(change)
    }
}

class SubClass: MyClass {
    dynamic var prop = 0
}

let obj = SubClass()
obj.prop = 10
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