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USB SSDをext4でフォーマットすると失敗するケース

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Last updated at Posted at 2026-01-20

事象

Debian 13 (trixie) において、USB SSD(Trasscend ESD310C 512GB SSD)に作成した400GBのパーティションをext4でフォーマットしたところ、以下のエラーが発生した。

# mkfs.ext4 -b 4096 -L "linux" /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.47.2 (1-Jan-2025)
Discarding device blocks: done
Creating filesystem with 104857600 4k blocks and 26214400 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 724b5d88-df78-4361-8596-4fe2cc441c44
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
        102400000

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (262144 blocks):
done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: mkfs.ext4: 入力/出力エラーです while writing out and closing file system

上記エラーが発生した後は/dev/sdbが消滅した。
USB SSDはPC前面青色USB3ポートに接続している。
dmesgでカーネルのログを見たところ、以下のように複数のエラーが確認された。

[ 1160.281336] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#4 uas_eh_abort_handler 0 uas-tag 4 inflight: CMD OUT
[ 1160.281343] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#4 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 19 06 04 00 00 04 00 00
[ 1160.295689] scsi host2: uas_eh_device_reset_handler start
[ 1165.627415] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: Timeout while waiting for setup device command
[ 1171.002972] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: Timeout while waiting for setup device command
[ 1171.206864] usb 2-2: device not accepting address 2, error -62
[ 1176.634494] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: Timeout while waiting for setup device command
[ 1182.010172] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: Timeout while waiting for setup device command
[ 1182.214015] usb 2-2: device not accepting address 2, error -62
[ 1182.412965] usb 2-2: Device not responding to setup address.
[ 1182.620971] usb 2-2: Device not responding to setup address.
[ 1182.821819] usb 2-2: device not accepting address 2, error -71
[ 1183.021214] usb 2-2: Device not responding to setup address.
[ 1183.228726] usb 2-2: Device not responding to setup address.
[ 1183.429865] usb 2-2: device not accepting address 2, error -71
[ 1183.446370] scsi host2: uas_eh_device_reset_handler FAILED err -19
[ 1183.446397] sd 2:0:0:0: Device offlined - not ready after error recovery

xHCI(USB3コントローラー)でタイムアウトエラーやプロトコルエラーが起きているようだ。

対策

USB SSDをUSB3ポートからPC背面黒色USB2ポートに差し替え、再度、ext4フォーマットを実行したところ、今度は問題なく処理が完了した。

USB3はUSB2よりも圧倒的に速いが、PCとデバイス間の通信要件がシビアなので、上記のようにxHCI(USB3コントローラー)でエラーが確認された場合、遅くても信号がシンプルで安定しているUSB2で試すことを推奨する。

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