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Java リフレクションでprivteなフィールドを参照・更新したりメソッドを実行する方法

Last updated at Posted at 2016-07-25

JUnitテストで、privateなフィールドを参照・更新したり、メソッドを実行する必要がありましたので、リフレクションを使ったアクセス方法を整理します。

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Test {
  static class X {
    private int num;           // privateな値
    private List<String> list; // privateなオブジェクト
    private String greeting(String name, int age) { // privateなメソッド
      return name + "(" + String.valueOf(age) + "): Hello!";
    }
    X(int i) {
      num = i;
      list = new ArrayList<String>();
      for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
        list.add(String.valueOf(j));
      }
    }
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    X x = new X(10); // privateメンバへアクセスしたいオブジェクト

    try {
      Class<X> xClass = X.class; // Xクラスのクラスインスタンスを取得
			
      // privateな値の参照と変更
      Field xNumField = xClass.getDeclaredField("num");
      xNumField.setAccessible(true);
      System.out.println(xNumField.getInt(x)); // 10
      xNumField.setInt(x, 5); // 5をセット
      System.out.println(xNumField.getInt(x)); // 5
			
      // privateなオブジェクトの参照と変更
      Field xListField = xClass.getDeclaredField("list");
      xListField.setAccessible(true);
      List<String> xList = (List<String>)xListField.get(x);
      System.out.println(xList); // [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
      xList.add("10");
      xListField.set(x, xList); // "10"を追加したリストをセット
      System.out.println(xListField.get(x)); // [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
			
      // privateなメソッドを実行
      Class[] argClasses = { String.class, int.class }; // 引数のクラス配列
      Method xGreetingMethod = xClass.getDeclaredMethod("greeting", argClasses);
      xGreetingMethod.setAccessible(true);
      Object[] argObjects = { "Tanaka", 28 }; // 引数のオブジェクト配列
      System.out.println(xGreetingMethod.invoke(x, argObjects)); // Tanaka(28): Hello!
			
    } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (SecurityException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
}
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