#ソースコード

main.js


const colors = ["red", "blue", "green", "yellow"];

const prefs = {
	0: {name: "海", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47]},
	1: {name: "北海道", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0]},
	2: {name: "青森県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 3, 5]},
	3: {name: "岩手県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 2, 4, 5]},
	4: {name: "宮城県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 3, 5, 6, 7]},
	5: {name: "秋田県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 2, 3, 4, 6]},
	6: {name: "山形県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 4, 5, 7, 15]},
	7: {name: "福島県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 15]},
	8: {name: "茨城県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 7, 9, 11, 12]},
	9: {name: "栃木県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [7, 8, 10, 11]},
	10: {name: "群馬県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [7, 9, 11, 15, 20]},
	11: {name: "埼玉県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 19, 20]},
	12: {name: "千葉県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 8, 11, 13]},
	13: {name: "東京都", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 11, 12, 14, 19]},
	14: {name: "神奈川県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 13, 19, 22]},
	15: {name: "新潟県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 6, 7, 10, 16, 20]},
	16: {name: "富山県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 15, 17, 20, 21]},
	17: {name: "石川県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 16, 18, 21]},
	18: {name: "福井県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 17, 21, 25, 26]},
	19: {name: "山梨県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [11, 13, 14, 20, 22]},
	20: {name: "長野県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [10, 11, 15, 16, 19, 21, 22, 23]},
	21: {name: "岐阜県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [16, 17, 18, 20, 23, 24, 25]},
	22: {name: "静岡県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 14, 19, 20, 23]},
	23: {name: "愛知県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 20, 21, 22, 24]},
	24: {name: "三重県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 21, 23, 25, 26, 29, 30]},
	25: {name: "滋賀県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [18, 21, 24, 26]},
	26: {name: "京都府", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 18, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29]},
	27: {name: "大阪府", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 26, 28, 29, 30]},
	28: {name: "兵庫県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 26, 27, 31, 33]},
	29: {name: "奈良県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [24, 26, 27, 30]},
	30: {name: "和歌山県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 24, 27, 29]},
	31: {name: "鳥取県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 28, 32, 33, 34]},
	32: {name: "島根県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 31, 34, 35]},
	33: {name: "岡山県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 28, 31, 34]},
	34: {name: "広島県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 31, 32, 33, 35]},
	35: {name: "山口県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 32, 34]},
	36: {name: "徳島県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 37, 38, 39]},
	37: {name: "香川県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 36, 38]},
	38: {name: "愛媛県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 36, 37, 39]},
	39: {name: "高知県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 36, 38]},
	40: {name: "福岡県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 41, 43, 44]},
	41: {name: "佐賀県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 40, 42]},
	42: {name: "長崎県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 41]},
	43: {name: "熊本県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 40, 44, 45, 46]},
	44: {name: "大分県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 40, 43, 45]},
	45: {name: "宮崎県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 43, 44, 46]},
	46: {name: "鹿児島県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0, 43, 45]},
	47: {name: "沖縄県", color: null, adjacentPrefCodes: [0]}
};

/**
 * 自分の隣接する県の色に重複せずに色を塗れたらtrue
 * そうでなければfalseを返す。
 */
function paintColor(pref) {
	// 既に自分に色が塗られている場合、処理を行わずにtrueを返す
	if (pref.color !== null) return true

	for (let i = 0; i < colors.length; i++) {
		const color = colors[i];
		pref.color = color;

		// 隣接する県と色が重複しているかチェック
		for (let i = 0; i < pref.adjacentPrefCodes.length; i++) {
			// 隣接する県と色が重複している場合、自分の色を消す
			const code = pref.adjacentPrefCodes[i];
			if (color === prefs[code].color) {
				pref.color = null;
				break;
			}
		}
		
		// 自分に色が塗られている状態の場合（＝ 隣接県と色が重複しなかった場合）、隣接する県に色を塗る
		if (pref.color !== null) {
			for (let i = 0; i < pref.adjacentPrefCodes.length; i++) {

				const code = pref.adjacentPrefCodes[i];
				const isSuccess = paintColor(prefs[code]);
				
				// 隣接する県に色を塗れなかった場合、自分の色を消す
				if (isSuccess === false) {
					pref.color = null;
					break;
				}
			}

			// 隣接する県に色を塗れた場合、trueを返して処理を終える
			if (pref.color !== null) {
				return true;
			}
		}
	}

	// ここまでたどり着くときは、自分に色を塗れなかった場合のみ
	return false;
}

paintColor(prefs[0]);

// const code in prefsだとIE11さんから怒られる…
for (let code in prefs) {
	console.log(String(code) + "," + prefs[code].name + "," + prefs[code].color);
}

#実行

0,海,red
1,北海道,blue
2,青森県,blue
3,岩手県,green
4,宮城県,blue
5,秋田県,yellow
6,山形県,green
7,福島県,yellow
8,茨城県,blue
9,栃木県,red
10,群馬県,green
11,埼玉県,yellow
12,千葉県,green
13,東京都,blue
14,神奈川県,yellow
15,新潟県,blue
16,富山県,green
17,石川県,blue
18,福井県,green
19,山梨県,green
20,長野県,red
21,岐阜県,yellow
22,静岡県,blue
23,愛知県,green
24,三重県,blue
25,滋賀県,red
26,京都府,yellow
27,大阪府,blue
28,兵庫県,green
29,奈良県,red
30,和歌山県,green
31,鳥取県,blue
32,島根県,yellow
33,岡山県,yellow
34,広島県,green
35,山口県,blue
36,徳島県,blue
37,香川県,green
38,愛媛県,yellow
39,高知県,green
40,福岡県,blue
41,佐賀県,green
42,長崎県,blue
43,熊本県,green
44,大分県,yellow
45,宮崎県,blue
46,鹿児島県,yellow
47,沖縄県,blue

#Excelで確認してみる

#参考資料