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Kotlin KoansでKotlin入門 第24回:Group By

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はじめに

公式の問題集「Kotlin Koans」を解きながらKotlinを学習します。

過去記事はこちら

問題

Group By
groupingについて学びます。
groupBy を使って関数を実装し、指定された都市に住む顧客を格納するマップを作成します。

val result = 
    listOf("a", "b", "ba", "ccc", "ad")
        .groupBy { it.length }

result == mapOf(
    1 to listOf("a", "b"),
    2 to listOf("ba", "ad"),
    3 to listOf("ccc"))
修正前コード.kt
// Build a map that stores the customers living in a given city
fun Shop.groupCustomersByCity(): Map<City, List<Customer>> =
        TODO()
Shop.kt
data class Shop(val name: String, val customers: List<Customer>)

data class Customer(val name: String, val city: City, val orders: List<Order>) {
    override fun toString() = "$name from ${city.name}"
}

data class Order(val products: List<Product>, val isDelivered: Boolean)

data class Product(val name: String, val price: Double) {
    override fun toString() = "'$name' for $price"
}

data class City(val name: String) {
    override fun toString() = name
}

問題のポイント

Kotlinの標準ライブラリには、コレクション要素をグループ化するための拡張関数が用意されています。
基本的な関数groupBy()は、ラムダ関数を受け取り、Mapを返しまる。
このMapでは、各キーがラムダ関数の結果で、対応する値はこの結果が返される要素のListです。

val numbers = listOf("one", "two", "three", "four", "five")
println(numbers.groupBy { it.first().uppercase() }) // {O=[one], T=[two, three], F=[four, five]}

また、groupBy()に第二引数としてラムダ関数を指定することもできます。
2つのラムダを指定したgroupBy()の結果マップでは、keySelector関数が生成するキーが、元の要素の代わりに値変換関数の結果にマップされます。

val numbers = listOf("one", "two", "three", "four", "five")
println(numbers.groupBy(keySelector = { it.first() }, valueTransform = { it.uppercase() })) // {o=[ONE], t=[TWO, THREE], f=[FOUR, FIVE]}

解答例

// Build a map that stores the customers living in a given city
fun Shop.groupCustomersByCity(): Map<City, List<Customer>> =
        customers.groupBy { it.city }
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