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C Secure Coding Rules(7) 5.15. Escaping of the address of an automatic object [addrescape]

Last updated at Posted at 2018-04-03

ISO/IEC TS 17961:2013

Information Technology — Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces — C Secure Coding Rules
http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1624.pdf

この文書は、ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG14の作業文書(Working Draft)です。
公式のISO/IEC TS 17961:2013原本ではありません。

技術内容を検討し、ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG14にフィードバックするために用いるものです。

ISO/IEC TS 17961:2013 C Secure Coding Rules(1)一覧

https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/54e056195c4f11b850a1
一つの規則で複数回のコンパイルが必要な場合、別記事にしています。

作業予定

規則の例(断片等)をコンパイル、実行する予定です。
1: コンパイルエラーが出ないようにする。
 一覧のaccfree.cがこの段階です。
2: 実行時エラーが出ないようにする。
 一覧のptrcomp.cがこの段階です。
3: 意味のある出力が出るようにする。
 検討中。
現状では、変な代入、奇異な操作が頻出します。
コンパイルエラーが出ないようにするなるべく短い記述で済まそうという趣旨で、他意はありません。
よりよい記述に変更する予定です。

現在利用中のコンパイラ

Apple LLVM version 9.1.0 (clang-902.0.39.1)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin17.4.0
または
clang version 6.0.0 (tags/RELEASE_600/final)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin17.4.0

gcc-7 (Homebrew GCC 7.3.0_1) 7.3.0
Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

環境(Environment)

hosted Environment macOS 10.13.3 or 10.12.9

コンパイル用shell script

C版(clangとgcc)とC++版(clang++とg++)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/74220c0577a512c2d7da

5.15. Escaping of the address of an automatic object [addrescape]

EXAMPLE 1 In this noncompliant example, a diagnostic is required because the address of the automatic object c_str remains in the pointer variable p when c_str goes out of scope in the function dont_do_this.

addrescape.c
// ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 14 N 1624 Date: 2012-06-26 ISO/IEC TS 17961, p.7
// http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1624.pdf
/// lines are added by Dr. Kiyoshi Ogawa, 2018
/// Compiled on 
///  Clang(LLVM) clang version 6.0.0 (tags/RELEASE_600/final) 
///  GCC(GNU) gcc-7 (Homebrew GCC 7.3.0_1) 7.3.0
/// hosted Environment macOS 10.13.3 or 10.12.9
// EXAMPLE 1 In this noncompliant example, a diagnostic is required because the address of the automatic object c_str remains in the pointer variable p when c_str goes out of scope in the function dont_do_this.

#include <stdio.h> // for printf
#include <stdlib.h> // for EXIT_SUCCESS

const char *p;
void dont_do_this(void) {
  const char c_str[] = "This will change";
  p = c_str; // diagnostic required
  printf("%s \n",p);
}
void innocuous(void) {
  const char c_str[] = "Surprise, surprise";
  puts(c_str);
}
int main(void) {
  dont_do_this();
  innocuous();
  puts(p);
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
./gcc7ts.sh addrescape
$ clang addrescape.c
This will change 
Surprise, surprise
This will change

$ gcc-7 addrescape.c
This will change 
Surprise, surprise
Surprise-

EXAMPLE2 In this noncompliant example, a diagnostic is required because the address of the automatic object array is returned.

addrescape2.c
// ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 14 N 1624 Date: 2012-06-26 ISO/IEC TS 17961, p.7
// http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1624.pdf
/// lines are added by Dr. Kiyoshi Ogawa, 2018
/// Compiled on 
///  Clang(LLVM) clang version 6.0.0 (tags/RELEASE_600/final) 
///  GCC(GNU) gcc-7 (Homebrew GCC 7.3.0_1) 7.3.0
/// hosted Environment macOS 10.13.3 or 10.12.9
//EXAMPLE2 In this noncompliant example, a diagnostic is required because the address of the automatic object array is returned.
#include <stdio.h> // for printf
#include <stdlib.h> // for EXIT_SUCCESS
int *init_array(void) {
  int array[10] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };
  printf("%d %d\n",array[0],array[1]);
  return array; // diagnostic required
}
int main(void) {
  int* i= init_array();
  printf("%d %d\n",*i++,*i++);
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
./gcc7ts.sh addrescape2
$ clang addrescape2.c
addrescape2.c:6:10: warning: address of stack memory associated with local
      variable 'array' returned [-Wreturn-stack-address]
  return array; // diagnostic required
         ^~~~~
1 warning generated.
1 2
1 2

$ gcc-7 addrescape2.c
addrescape2.c: In function 'init_array':
addrescape2.c:6:10: warning: function returns address of local variable [-Wreturn-local-addr]
   return array; // diagnostic required
          ^~~~~
1 2
./gcc7ts.sh: line 8: 94266 Segmentation fault: 11  ./$1g $2

EXAMPLE 3 In this noncompliant example, a diagnostic is required because the address of the automatic object fmt remains in the pointer variable ptr_param when fmt goes out of scope in the function squirrel_away.

addrescape3.c
// ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 14 N 1624 Date: 2012-06-26 ISO/IEC TS 17961, p.7
// http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1624.pdf
/// lines are added by Dr. Kiyoshi Ogawa, 2018
/// Compiled on 
///  Clang(LLVM) clang version 6.0.0 (tags/RELEASE_600/final) 
///  GCC(GNU) gcc-7 (Homebrew GCC 7.3.0_1) 7.3.0
/// hosted Environment macOS 10.13.3 or 10.12.9
// EXAMPLE 3 In this noncompliant example, a diagnostic is required because the address of the automatic object fmt remains in the pointer variable ptr_param when fmt goes out of scope in the function squirrel_away.
#include <stdio.h> // for printf
#include <stdlib.h> // for EXIT_SUCCESS

void squirrel_away(char **ptr_param) {
  char fmt[] = "Error: %s\n";
  /* ... */
  *ptr_param = fmt; // diagnostic required
  printf("%s",*ptr_param);
}
int main(void) {
  char *ptr;
  squirrel_away(&ptr);
  /* ... */
  printf("%s\n",ptr);
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
$ ./gcc7ts.sh addrescape3
$ clang addrescape3.c
Error: %s
ptr=

$ gcc-7 addrescape3.c
Error: %s
ptr=

参考文献

コンパイル用shell script C版(clangとgcc)とC++版(clang++とg++)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/74220c0577a512c2d7da

C言語(C++)に対する誤解、曲解、無理解、爽快。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/3f3992c9722c1cee2e3a

MISRA C まとめ #include
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/f1a79a7cbd281607c7c9

どうやって MISRA C Example Suiteをコンパイルするか
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/fbdbff5ff696e2ca7f00

[C][C++]の国際規格案の例題をコンパイルするときの課題7つ。
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/5f4b155030259497c4de

文書履歴

ver. 0.10 初稿 20180403
ver. 0.11 gcc-7, Example節項目追記 20180407
ver. 0.12 ありがとう追記 20230413

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