はじめに(Introduction)
N4910 Working Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++
n4910は、ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21の作業原案(Working Draft)です。
公式のISO/IEC 14882原本ではありません。
ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21では、可能な限り作業文書を公開し、幅広い意見を求めています。
一連の記事はコード断片をコンパイルできる形にする方法を検討してコンパイル、リンク、実行して、規格案の原文と処理系(g++, Clang++)との違いを確認し、技術内容を検討し、ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21にフィードバックするために用います。
また、CERT C++, MISRA C++等のコーディング標準のコード断片をコンパイルする際の参考にさせていただこうと考えています。CERT C++, MISRA C++が標準化の動きとの時間的なずれがあれば確認できれば幸いです。また、boostライブラリとの関連、Linux OS, TOPPERSカーネル、g++(GCC), clang++(LLVM）との関係も調査中です。
何か、抜け漏れ、耳より情報がありましたらおしらせくださると幸いです。
<この項は書きかけです。順次追記します。>
背景(back ground)
C/C++でコンパイルエラーが出ると、途方にくれることがしばしばあります。
何回かに１回は、該当するエラーが検索できます。
ただ、条件が違っていて、そこでの修正方法では目的を達成しないこともしばしばです。いろいろな条件のコンパイルエラーとその対応方法について、広く記録することによって、いつか同じエラーに遭遇した時にやくに立つことを目指しています。
この半年の間で、三度、自分のネットでの記録に助けられたことがあります。
また過去に解決できなかった記録を１０種類以上、最近になって解決できたことがあります。それは、主に次の３つの情報に基づいています。
cpprefjp - C++日本語リファレンス
コンパイラの実装状況
また
https://researchmap.jp/joub9b3my-1797580/#_1797580
に記載したサイトのお世話になっています。
作業方針(sequence)
Clang++では-std=c++03, C++2bの2種類
g++では-std=c++03, c++2bの２種類
でコンパイルし、
１）コンパイルエラーを収集する。
２）コンパイルエラーをなくす方法を検討する。
コンパイルエラーになる例を示すだけが目的のコードは、コンパイルエラーをなくすのではなく、コンパイルエラーの種類を収集するだけにする。
文法を示すのが目的のコード場合に、コンパイルエラーをなくすのに手間がかかる場合は、順次作業します。
３）リンクエラーをなくす方法を検討する。
文法を示すのが目的のコード場合に、リンクエラーをなくすのに手間がかかる場合は、順次作業します。
４）意味のある出力を作る。
コンパイル、リンクが通っても、意味のある出力を示そうとすると、コンパイル・リンクエラーが出て収拾できそうにない場合がある。順次作業します。
１）だけのものから４）まで進んだものと色々ある状態です。一歩でも前に進むご助言をお待ちしています。「検討事項」の欄に現状を記録するようにしています。
C++N4910:2022 Standard Working Draft on ISO/IEC 14882(0) sample code compile list
C++N4741, 2018 Standard Working Draft on ISO/IEC 14882 sample code compile list
C++N4606, 2016符号断片編纂一覧(example code compile list)
C++N4606, 2016 Working Draft 2016, ISO/IEC 14882, C++ standard(1) Example code compile list
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/df5d62c35bd6ed1c3d43/
C++N3242, 2011 sample code compile list on clang++ and g++
編纂器(Compiler)
clang++ --version
Debian clang version 14.0.5-++20220610033153+c12386ae247c-1~exp1~20220610153237.151
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, Thread model: posix, InstalledDir: /usr/bin
g++- --version
g++ (GCC) 12.1.0 Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
22.10.10 Logical operations [logical.operations] C++N4910:2022 (620) p750.cpp
算譜(source code)
p750.cpp
// C++N4910 Committee Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++
// http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2022/n4910.pdf
const char * n4910 = "22.10.10 Logical operations [logical.operations] C++N4910:2022 (620) p750.cpp";
// Debian clang version 14.0.5-++20220610033153+c12386ae247c-
// g++ (GCC) 12.1.0 Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
// Edited by Dr. OGAWA Kiyoshi. Compile procedure and results record.
// C++N4910:2022 Standard Working Draft on ISO/IEC 14882(0) sample code compile list
// https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/fc957ddddd402004bb91
#include "N4910.h"
using namespace std;
// 22.10.10.1 General [logical.operations.general]
// The library provides basic function object classes for all of the logical operators in the language (7.6.14, 7.6.15, 7.6.2.2).
template<> struct logical_and<void> {
template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
-> decltype(std::forward<T>(t) && std::forward<U>(u));
using is_transparent = unspecified; };
template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
-> decltype(std::forward<T>(t) && std::forward<U>(u));
// 22.10.10.2 Class template logical_and [logical.operations.and]
template<class T = void> struct logical_and {
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
};
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
// Returns: x && y.
// Returns: std::forward<T>(t) && std::forward<U>(u).
// 22.10.10.3 Class template logical_or [logical.operations.or]
template<class T = void> struct logical_or {
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
};
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
// Returns: x || y.
template<> struct logical_or<void> {
template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
-> decltype(std::forward<T>(t) || std::forward<U>(u));
using is_transparent = unspecified; };
template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
-> decltype(std::forward<T>(t) || std::forward<U>(u));
// Returns: std::forward<T>(t) || std::forward<U>(u).
// 22.10.10.4 Class template logical_not [logical.operations.not]
template<class T = void> struct logical_not {
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x) const;
};
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x) const;
// Returns: !x.
template<> struct logical_not<void> {
template<class T> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t) const
-> decltype(!std::forward<T>(t));
using is_transparent = unspecified; };
template<class T> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t) const
-> decltype(!std::forward<T>(t));
// Returns: !std::forward<T>(t).
int main(){
cout << n4910 << endl;
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
編纂・実行結果(compile and go)
bash
$ clang++ p750.cpp -std=03 -o p750l -I. -Wall
In file included from p750.cpp:10:
In file included from ./N4910.h:11:
In file included from /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/10/../../../../include/c++/10/atomic:38:
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/10/../../../../include/c++/10/bits/c++0x_warning.h:32:2: error: This file requires compiler and library support for the ISO C++ 2011 standard. This support must be enabled with the -std=c++11 or -std=gnu++11 compiler options.
#error This file requires compiler and library support \
^
p750.cpp:17:30: error: unknown type name 'constexpr'
template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
^
p750.cpp:17:57: warning: rvalue references are a C++11 extension [-Wc++11-extensions]
template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
^
p750.cpp:17:64: warning: rvalue references are a C++11 extension [-Wc++11-extensions]
template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
^
p750.cpp:17:40: error: storage class specified for a member declaration
template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
^
p750.cpp:17:75: error: expected ';' at end of declaration list
template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
^
;
p750.cpp:19:24: warning: alias declarations are a C++11 extension [-Wc++11-extensions]
using is_transparent = unspecified; };
^
p750.cpp:19:24: error: unknown type name 'unspecified'
p750.cpp:20:28: error: unknown type name 'constexpr'
template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
^
p750.cpp:20:55: warning: rvalue references are a C++11 extension [-Wc++11-extensions]
template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
^
p750.cpp:20:62: warning: rvalue references are a C++11 extension [-Wc++11-extensions]
template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
^
p750.cpp:20:68: error: non-member function cannot have 'const' qualifier
template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
^~~~~
p750.cpp:20:38: error: illegal storage class on function
template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
^
p750.cpp:20:73: error: expected ';' at end of declaration
template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
^
;
p750.cpp:21:5: error: cannot use arrow operator on a type
-> decltype(std::forward<T>(t) && std::forward<U>(u));
^
p750.cpp:24:3: error: unknown type name 'constexpr'
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
^
p750.cpp:26:1: error: unknown type name 'constexpr'
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
^
p750.cpp:26:33: error: unknown type name 'T'
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
^
p750.cpp:26:45: error: unknown type name 'T'
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
^
p750.cpp:26:51: error: non-member function cannot have 'const' qualifier
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
^~~~~
p750.cpp:31:3: error: unknown type name 'constexpr'
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
^
p750.cpp:33:1: error: unknown type name 'constexpr'
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
^
p750.cpp:33:33: error: unknown type name 'T'
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
^
p750.cpp:33:45: error: unknown type name 'T'
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
^
fatal error: too many errors emitted, stopping now [-ferror-limit=]
5 warnings and 20 errors generated.
$ clang++ p750.cpp -std=2b -o p750l -I. -Wall
p750.cpp:16:19: error: redefinition of 'logical_and<>'
template<> struct logical_and<void> {
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/10/../../../../include/c++/10/bits/stl_function.h:817:12: note: previous definition is here
struct logical_and<void>
^
p750.cpp:20:68: error: non-member function cannot have 'const' qualifier
template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
^~~~~
p750.cpp:20:43: error: overloaded 'operator()' must be a non-static member function
template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
^
p750.cpp:26:33: error: unknown type name 'T'
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
^
p750.cpp:26:45: error: unknown type name 'T'
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
^
p750.cpp:26:51: error: non-member function cannot have 'const' qualifier
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
^~~~~
p750.cpp:33:33: error: unknown type name 'T'
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
^
p750.cpp:33:45: error: unknown type name 'T'
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
^
p750.cpp:33:51: error: non-member function cannot have 'const' qualifier
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
^~~~~
p750.cpp:35:19: error: reference to 'logical_or' is ambiguous
template<> struct logical_or<void> {
^
p750.cpp:30:33: note: candidate found by name lookup is 'logical_or'
template<class T = void> struct logical_or {
^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/10/../../../../include/c++/10/bits/stl_function.h:796:12: note: candidate found by name lookup is 'std::logical_or'
struct logical_or : public binary_function<_Tp, _Tp, bool>
^
p750.cpp:38:24: error: unknown type name 'unspecified'
using is_transparent = unspecified; };
^
p750.cpp:39:68: error: non-member function cannot have 'const' qualifier
template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
^~~~~
p750.cpp:39:43: error: overloaded 'operator()' must be a non-static member function
template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
^
p750.cpp:46:33: error: unknown type name 'T'
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x) const;
^
p750.cpp:46:39: error: non-member function cannot have 'const' qualifier
constexpr bool operator()(const T& x) const;
^~~~~
p750.cpp:48:19: error: reference to 'logical_not' is ambiguous
template<> struct logical_not<void> {
^
p750.cpp:43:33: note: candidate found by name lookup is 'logical_not'
template<class T = void> struct logical_not {
^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/10/../../../../include/c++/10/bits/stl_function.h:806:12: note: candidate found by name lookup is 'std::logical_not'
struct logical_not : public unary_function<_Tp, bool>
^
p750.cpp:51:24: error: unknown type name 'unspecified'
using is_transparent = unspecified; };
^
p750.cpp:52:52: error: non-member function cannot have 'const' qualifier
template<class T> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t) const
^~~~~
p750.cpp:52:34: error: overloaded 'operator()' must be a non-static member function
template<class T> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t) const
^
19 errors generated.
$ g++ p750.cpp -std=03 -o p750g -I. -Wall
In file included from /usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/atomic:38,
from N4910.h:11,
from p750.cpp:10:
/usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/bits/c++0x_warning.h:32:2: error: #error This file requires compiler and library support for the ISO C++ 2011 standard. This support must be enabled with the -std=c++11 or -std=gnu++11 compiler options.
32 | #error This file requires compiler and library support \
| ^~~~~
p750.cpp:17:30: warning: identifier 'constexpr' is a keyword in C++11 [-Wc++11-compat]
17 | template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
| ^~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:18:8: warning: identifier 'decltype' is a keyword in C++11 [-Wc++11-compat]
18 | -> decltype(std::forward<T>(t) && std::forward<U>(u));
| ^~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:16:19: error: specialization of 'template<class _Tp> struct std::logical_and' in different namespace [-fpermissive]
16 | template<> struct logical_and<void> {
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/string:48,
from /usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/bits/locale_classes.h:40,
from /usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/bits/ios_base.h:41,
from /usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/ios:42,
from /usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/ostream:38,
from /usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/iostream:39,
from N4910.h:2:
/usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/bits/stl_function.h:796:12: note: from definition of 'template<class _Tp> struct std::logical_and'
796 | struct logical_and : public binary_function<_Tp, _Tp, bool>
| ^~~~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:16:19: error: explicit specialization of 'template<class _Tp> struct std::logical_and' outside its namespace must use a nested-name-specifier [-fpermissive]
16 | template<> struct logical_and<void> {
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:17:30: error: 'constexpr' does not name a type
17 | template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
| ^~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:17:30: note: C++11 'constexpr' only available with '-std=c++11' or '-std=gnu++11'
p750.cpp:19:7: error: expected nested-name-specifier before 'is_transparent'
19 | using is_transparent = unspecified; };
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:20:28: error: 'constexpr' does not name a type
20 | template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
| ^~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:20:28: note: C++11 'constexpr' only available with '-std=c++11' or '-std=gnu++11'
p750.cpp:24:3: error: 'constexpr' does not name a type
24 | constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
| ^~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:24:3: note: C++11 'constexpr' only available with '-std=c++11' or '-std=gnu++11'
p750.cpp:26:1: error: 'constexpr' does not name a type
26 | constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
| ^~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:26:1: note: C++11 'constexpr' only available with '-std=c++11' or '-std=gnu++11'
p750.cpp:31:3: error: 'constexpr' does not name a type
31 | constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
| ^~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:31:3: note: C++11 'constexpr' only available with '-std=c++11' or '-std=gnu++11'
p750.cpp:33:1: error: 'constexpr' does not name a type
33 | constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
| ^~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:33:1: note: C++11 'constexpr' only available with '-std=c++11' or '-std=gnu++11'
p750.cpp:35:19: error: 'logical_or' is not a class template
35 | template<> struct logical_or<void> {
| ^~~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:35:34: error: template specifiers not specified in declaration of 'template<class T> struct logical_or'
35 | template<> struct logical_or<void> {
| ^
p750.cpp:39:28: error: 'constexpr' does not name a type
39 | template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
| ^~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:39:28: note: C++11 'constexpr' only available with '-std=c++11' or '-std=gnu++11'
p750.cpp:44:3: error: 'constexpr' does not name a type
44 | constexpr bool operator()(const T& x) const;
| ^~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:44:3: note: C++11 'constexpr' only available with '-std=c++11' or '-std=gnu++11'
p750.cpp:46:1: error: 'constexpr' does not name a type
46 | constexpr bool operator()(const T& x) const;
| ^~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:46:1: note: C++11 'constexpr' only available with '-std=c++11' or '-std=gnu++11'
p750.cpp:48:19: error: 'logical_not' is not a class template
48 | template<> struct logical_not<void> {
| ^~~~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:48:35: error: template specifiers not specified in declaration of 'template<class T> struct logical_not'
48 | template<> struct logical_not<void> {
| ^
p750.cpp:52:19: error: 'constexpr' does not name a type
52 | template<class T> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t) const
| ^~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:52:19: note: C++11 'constexpr' only available with '-std=c++11' or '-std=gnu++11'
$ g++ p750.cpp -std=2b -o p750g -I. -Wall
p750.cpp:16:19: error: explicit specialization of 'template<class _Tp> struct std::logical_and' outside its namespace must use a nested-name-specifier [-fpermissive]
16 | template<> struct logical_and<void> {
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:16:19: error: redefinition of 'struct std::logical_and<void>'
In file included from /usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/string:48,
from /usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/bits/locale_classes.h:40,
from /usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/bits/ios_base.h:41,
from /usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/ios:42,
from /usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/ostream:38,
from /usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/iostream:39,
from N4910.h:2,
from p750.cpp:10:
/usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/bits/stl_function.h:828:12: note: previous definition of 'struct std::logical_and<void>'
828 | struct logical_and<void>
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:21:8: error: non-member function 'constexpr decltype ((forward<T>(t) && forward<U>(u))) operator()(T&&, U&&)' cannot have cv-qualifier
21 | -> decltype(std::forward<T>(t) && std::forward<U>(u));
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:20:43: error: 'constexpr decltype ((forward<T>(t) && forward<U>(u))) operator()(T&&, U&&)' must be a non-static member function
20 | template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
| ^~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:26:33: error: 'T' does not name a type
26 | constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
| ^
p750.cpp:26:45: error: 'T' does not name a type
26 | constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
| ^
p750.cpp:26:51: error: non-member function 'constexpr bool operator()(const int&, const int&)' cannot have cv-qualifier
26 | constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
| ^~~~~
p750.cpp:26:16: error: 'constexpr bool operator()(const int&, const int&)' must be a non-static member function
26 | constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
| ^~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:33:33: error: 'T' does not name a type
33 | constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
| ^
p750.cpp:33:45: error: 'T' does not name a type
33 | constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
| ^
p750.cpp:33:51: error: non-member function 'constexpr bool operator()(const int&, const int&)' cannot have cv-qualifier
33 | constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
| ^~~~~
p750.cpp:33:16: error: 'constexpr bool operator()(const int&, const int&)' must be a non-static member function
33 | constexpr bool operator()(const T& x, const T& y) const;
| ^~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:35:19: error: 'logical_or' is not a class template
35 | template<> struct logical_or<void> {
| ^~~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:35:34: error: template specifiers not specified in declaration of 'template<class T> struct logical_or'
35 | template<> struct logical_or<void> {
| ^
p750.cpp:40:8: error: non-member function 'constexpr decltype ((forward<T>(t) || forward<U>(u))) operator()(T&&, U&&)' cannot have cv-qualifier
40 | -> decltype(std::forward<T>(t) || std::forward<U>(u));
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:39:43: error: 'constexpr decltype ((forward<T>(t) || forward<U>(u))) operator()(T&&, U&&)' must be a non-static member function
39 | template<class T, class U> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t, U&& u) const
| ^~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:46:33: error: 'T' does not name a type
46 | constexpr bool operator()(const T& x) const;
| ^
p750.cpp:46:39: error: non-member function 'constexpr bool operator()(const int&)' cannot have cv-qualifier
46 | constexpr bool operator()(const T& x) const;
| ^~~~~
p750.cpp:46:16: error: 'constexpr bool operator()(const int&)' must be a non-static member function
46 | constexpr bool operator()(const T& x) const;
| ^~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:48:19: error: 'logical_not' is not a class template
48 | template<> struct logical_not<void> {
| ^~~~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:48:35: error: template specifiers not specified in declaration of 'template<class T> struct logical_not'
48 | template<> struct logical_not<void> {
| ^
p750.cpp:53:8: error: non-member function 'constexpr decltype (! forward<T>(t)) operator()(T&&)' cannot have cv-qualifier
53 | -> decltype(!std::forward<T>(t));
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p750.cpp:52:34: error: 'constexpr decltype (! forward<T>(t)) operator()(T&&)' must be a non-static member function
52 | template<class T> constexpr auto operator()(T&& t) const
| ^~~~~~~~
検討事項(agenda)
コンパイルエラーを取るか、コンパイルエラーの理由を解説する。
参考資料(reference)
関連する自己参照以外は、こちらの先頭に移転。
C言語（C++)に対する誤解、曲解、無理解、爽快。
#include "N4910.h"
C++N4910資料の改善点
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小川メソッド 覚え（書きかけ）
＜この記事は個人の過去の経験に基づく個人の感想です。現在所属する組織、業務とは関係がありません。＞
文書履歴(document history)
ver. 0.01 初稿 20220731