移動、回転と来たら拡大縮小もやらざるを得ない。。

let polygon1 = {
  "type": "Feature",
  "properties": {},
  "geometry": {
    "type": "Polygon",
    "coordinates": [
      [
        [ 137.796, 34.940 ],
        [ 137.748, 34.882 ],
        [ 137.887, 34.888 ],
        [ 137.796, 34.940 ]
      ]
    ]
  }
};

const dataSource = {
  'type': 'geojson',
  'data': {
    "type": "FeatureCollection",
    "features": [
      polygon1,
    ]    
  }
};

const bounds = turf.bbox(dataSource.data);

let anchor;

const map = new mapboxgl.Map({
  container: 'map',
  bounds: bounds,
  style: {
    version: 8,
    sources: {
      OSM: {
        type: "raster",
        tiles: [
          "https://a.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png",
        ],
        tileSize: 256,
        attribution:
        "OpenStreetMap",
      },
    },
    layers: [{
      id: "BASEMAP",
      type: "raster",
      source: "OSM",
      minzoom: 0,
      maxzoom: 18,
    }],
  },      
});

map.once('load', () => {

  map.fitBounds(bounds, { padding: { bottom: 200, top: 200, right: 200, left: 200 }});

  map.addSource('polygons', dataSource);
  
  map.addLayer({
    'id': 'polygons',
    'type': 'fill',
    'source': 'polygons',
    'paint': {
      'fill-color': '#FF0000',
      'fill-opacity': 0.7
    }
  });

  const center = turf.center(polygon1);
  anchor = new mapboxgl.Marker()
    .setLngLat(center.geometry.coordinates)
    .setDraggable(true)
    .addTo(map);

});

document.getElementById('scale').addEventListener('click', () => {
  const scale = Number(document.getElementById('scl').value);

  turf.transformScale(polygon1, scale, { origin: anchor.getLngLat().toArray(), mutate: true });

  const dataSource = map.getSource('polygons');
  dataSource.setData({
    "type": "FeatureCollection",
    "features": [
      polygon1,
    ]    
  });
});

turf.transformScale(図形, 倍率, { origin: 基点 }) という感じです。
倍率は 1.0未満が縮小、1.0より大きいと拡大です。
基点が指定できるのは便利でよいですね。

完全なコードはこちら

Scale features - JSFiddle - Code Playground

参考

transformScale - Turf.js | Advanced geospatial analysis