Value2をObjectOutputStream#writeObject()でファイルに書き込む
Value2からValue1を参照しているので芋づる式にValue1も書き込まれる
書き込む対象のclassはimplements Serializableが必要

class Value1 implements Serializable {
    int price ;
    String name;
}
class Value2 implements Serializable {
    int price ;
    String name;
    Value1 val;
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "v2-name:"+name+" v2.price:"+price+
                "v1-name:" + val.name + "v1-price:" + val.price;
    }
}

public class Outer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //writeObj();
        readObj();
    }
    static void readObj() {
        try {
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("c:\\dirtest\\sample.ser");
            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);
            try(ois) {
                Object o = ois.readObject();
                Value2 v2 = (Value2)o;
                System.out.println(v2);
            }
        } catch (IOException|ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    static void writeObj() {
        try {
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("c:\\dirtest\\sample.ser");
            ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
            Value1 v1 = new Value1();
            v1.name="v1x";
            v1.price=100;
            Value2 v2 = new Value2();
            v2.name="v2x";
            v2.price=200;            
            v2.val = v1;
            try(oos) {
                oos.writeObject(v2);
            }
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

v2-name:v2x v2.price:200v1-name:v1xv1-price:100

writeObj後にValue2のtoString()をいじったあと、readObjしたら
以下のInvalidClassException発生
Value2にSerialVersionUIDが振られていてclassいじるとversionが変わって
read/writeで違いがあるとclass情報が読みだせなくなる仕組み

java.io.InvalidClassException: com.mycompany.mavenproject1.Value2; local class incompatible: stream classdesc serialVersionUID = 7637657283063083089, local class serialVersionUID = -358236726962437359
	at java.base/java.io.ObjectStreamClass.initNonProxy(ObjectStreamClass.java:689)
	at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readNonProxyDesc(ObjectInputStream.java:2042)
	at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readClassDesc(ObjectInputStream.java:1892)
	at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(ObjectInputStream.java:2223)
	at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1709)
	at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:500)
	at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:458)
	at com.mycompany.mavenproject1.Outer.main(Outer.java:35)

custome serialize/deserializeを使うとこうなる
Value2#writeObject, readObject methodでserializa/deserialize
writeObjectに、private つけないと無視された

class Value1 implements Serializable {
    int price ;
    String name;
}
class Value2 implements Serializable {
    int price ;
    String name;
    Value1 val;
    private void readObject(ObjectInputStream is) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        System.out.println("read object");
        this.name = (String)is.readObject();
        this.price = (int)is.readObject();
//        this.val = (Value1)is.readObject();
    }
    private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream os) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("write object");
        os.writeObject(this.name);
        os.writeObject(this.price);
//        os.writeObject(this.val);
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        String ret = "v2-name:"+name+" v2.price:"+price;
        if(val!=null) {
            ret = ret + "v1-name:" + val.name + "v1-price:" + val.price;
        }
        return ret;
    }
}

public class Outer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        writeObj();
        readObj();
    }
    static void readObj() {
        try {
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("c:\\dirtest\\sample.ser");
            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);
            try(ois) {
                Object o = ois.readObject();
                Value2 v2 = (Value2)o;
                System.out.println(v2);
            }
        } catch (IOException|ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    static void writeObj() {
        try {
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("c:\\dirtest\\sample.ser");
            ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
            Value1 v1 = new Value1();
            v1.name="v1x";
            v1.price=100;
            Value2 v2 = new Value2();
            v2.name="v2x";
            v2.price=200;            
            v2.val = v1;
            try(oos) {
                oos.writeObject(v2);
            }
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

write object
read object
v2-name:v2x v2.price:200