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【Tips】Ubuntuへのpg gemインストール時に発生しうるエラーへの対処

Posted at 2019-03-14

問題：pg gem インストールの失敗

入力

gem install pg -v '0.18.4'

出力

ERROR:  Error installing pg:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /home/【ユーザー名】/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.4.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.4.0/gems/pg-0.18.4/ext
/home/【ユーザー名】/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.4.5/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20190314-768-1y18wv0.rb extconf.rb
checking for pg_config... no
No pg_config... trying anyway. If building fails, please try again with
 --with-pg-config=/path/to/pg_config
checking for libpq-fe.h... no
Can't find the 'libpq-fe.h header
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
        --with-opt-dir
        --without-opt-dir
        --with-opt-include
        --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
        --with-opt-lib
        --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
        --with-make-prog
        --without-make-prog
        --srcdir=.
        --curdir
        --ruby=/home/【ユーザー名】/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.4.5/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
        --with-pg
        --without-pg
        --enable-windows-cross
        --disable-windows-cross
        --with-pg-config
        --without-pg-config
        --with-pg_config
        --without-pg_config
        --with-pg-dir
        --without-pg-dir
        --with-pg-include
        --without-pg-include=${pg-dir}/include
        --with-pg-lib
        --without-pg-lib=${pg-dir}/lib

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  /home/【ユーザー名】/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.4.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.4.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.4.0-static/pg-0.18.4/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /home/【ユーザー名】/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.4.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.4.0/gems/pg-0.18.4 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/【ユーザー名】/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.4.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.4.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.4.0-static/pg-0.18.4/gem_make.out

環境

Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)
- Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
anyenv
- rbenv 1.1.1-39-g59785f6
  - ruby 2.4.5p335 (2018-10-18 revision 65137) [x86_64-linux]

原因：PostgreSQLライブラリ

native extensionとして必要なPostgreSQLに関連するライブラリがインストールされていない。

解決方法

sudo apt install libpq-dev
gem install pg -v '0.18.4'

補足

libpg-devではなくlibpq-dev（gではなくq）であることに注意。
どちらもPostgreSQLの略称であると思われるが、gemにおいてはpg、aptでインストールするパッケージにおいてはpqと略しているため注意が必要。前者は PostgreSQL Gem の略称の可能性もあるが。

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