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Pythonのリストの全要素に任意の関数をapplyする最速の方法

Last updated at Posted at 2017-11-07

謝辞

@termoshtt さんのご指摘により、numpy.frompyfuncのパターンを追加しました。

概要

Pythonの

  • list
  • numpy.ndarray
  • pandas.Series(中身はnumpy.ndarrayだが)

の3種類のリスト構造に対し、

を使って、リスト内の全要素に任意の関数をapplyする最速の方法を探す。

コード

要素数は1000万、3乗する関数を使用した。

import time

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

N = 10000000

np_l = np.random.rand(N)
s = pd.Series(np_l)
l = list(np_l)

f = lambda x: x ** 3

def timer(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kargs):
        time_list = []
        for i in range(10):
            start = time.time()
            func(*args, **kargs)
            time_list.append(time.time() - start)
        if func.__name__ != 'pandas_series_map':
            if isinstance(args[0], list):
                list_type = 'list'
            elif isinstance(args[0], np.ndarray):
                list_type = 'np.ndarray'
            elif isinstance(args[0], pd.Series):
                list_type = 'pd.Series'
            print('{} over {}, avg: {:.3f} sec, median: {:.3f} sec'.format(
                func.__name__, list_type, np.mean(time_list), np.median(time_list)))
        else:
            print('{}, avg: {:.3f} sec, median: {:.3f} sec'.format(
                func.__name__, np.mean(time_list), np.median(time_list)))
    return wrapper

@timer
def map_function(l, f):
    list(map(f, l))
@timer
def list_comprehension(l, f):
    [f(x) for x in l]
@timer
def numpy_vectorize(l, f):
    np.vectorize(f)(l)
@timer
def numpy_fromiter(l, f):
    np.fromiter((f(x) for x in l), np.float32, count=len(l))
@timer
def numpy_frompyfunc(l, f):
    np.frompyfunc(f, 1, 1)(l)
@timer
def pandas_series_map(s, f):
    s.map(f)

map_function(l, f)
map_function(np_l, f)
map_function(s, f)
list_comprehension(l, f)
list_comprehension(np_l, f)
list_comprehension(s, f)
numpy_vectorize(l, f)
numpy_vectorize(np_l, f)
numpy_vectorize(s, f)
numpy_fromiter(l, f)
numpy_fromiter(np_l, f)
numpy_fromiter(s, f)
numpy_frompyfunc(l, f)
numpy_frompyfunc(np_l, f)
numpy_frompyfunc(s, f)
pandas_series_map(s, f)

結果

見やすいように手で整えてます。

map_function       over list,       avg: 4.621 sec, median: 4.521 sec
map_function       over np.ndarray, avg: 5.245 sec, median: 5.244 sec
map_function       over pd.Series,  avg: 5.299 sec, median: 5.301 sec
list_comprehension over list,       avg: 4.810 sec, median: 4.795 sec
list_comprehension over np.ndarray, avg: 5.453 sec, median: 5.327 sec
list_comprehension over pd.Series,  avg: 5.430 sec, median: 5.397 sec
numpy_vectorize    over list,       avg: 7.127 sec, median: 7.074 sec
numpy_vectorize    over np.ndarray, avg: 4.001 sec, median: 3.976 sec
numpy_vectorize    over pd.Series,  avg: 3.897 sec, median: 3.882 sec
numpy_fromiter     over list,       avg: 5.738 sec, median: 5.733 sec
numpy_fromiter     over np.ndarray, avg: 6.578 sec, median: 6.541 sec
numpy_fromiter     over pd.Series,  avg: 6.485 sec, median: 6.491 sec
numpy_frompyfunc   over list,       avg: 4.153 sec, median: 4.143 sec
numpy_frompyfunc   over np.ndarray, avg: 3.186 sec, median: 3.144 sec
numpy_frompyfunc   over pd.Series,  avg: 3.109 sec, median: 3.104 sec
pandas_series_map,                  avg: 4.704 sec, median: 4.650 sec

numpy.ndarrayあるいはpandas.Seriesに対してnumpy.frompyfuncでufunc化した関数を適用するのが最速のようだ。
次点でnumpy.vectorize

map関数やリスト内包表記はnumpy.ndarrayよりもlistに対してのほうがやや速い傾向にある?
逆に、numpy.vectorizenumpy.frompyfuncを使用した場合はlistよりもnumpy.ndarrayに対してのほうが速い傾向にある?

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