はじめに

吐いて捨てるほど世間にあふれているansibleのインストールですが
まともにやったことないので自分のためにメモとして残す。

インストール方法

によると。

epelリポジトリ追加
ansibleインストール

の２手で終わるそうだ。。。はやい。

インストール手順

epel リポジトリを追加
# sudo amazon-linux-extras install epel　←AWS上で実行する場合はコッチを実行する
# yum install epel-release ←後でわかるがこっちではうまくいかない

ansible をインストール
# yum install ansible

やってみる

epel リポジトリ追加前のリポジトリディレクトリを記念撮影

epelリポジトリ追加、いざやってみるとNGだった。

sudo amazon-linux-extras install epel

AWSの場合は↑↑を実行することで同様のことができるようだ。

仕方ないので言われたとおりにやってみる。

無事終わったようだ。レポジトリをみてみる。
epel.repoとepel-testing.repo
が増えた。
あと、amazon2-extras.repoの容量が増したっぽいぞ。

ansible インストール

こちらは素直にyumだけでいけた！epelさすがです。

バージョン確認もちゃんとできてばっちりですね。

ansibleの最低限のセットアップ

sshdの設定変更

これはsshクライアント側の話になるわけだけれども
EC2にデフォルトで用意してもらっているsshdだと
・ssh接続の度にパスフレーズの確認をする
っていう状態なのでこれをなんとかしたい。

によると、以下の要領で修正してあげたらよい。

/etc/ssh/sshd_config

PermitRootLogin yes
を
PermitRootLogin without-password
に修正

修正完了したら、sshdをリロード

systemctl reload sshd.service

ssh接続するにあたって、

公開鍵は、~/.ssh/authorized_keyに追記していること
秘密鍵は、~/.ssh/id_rsaで保管していること
を確認したうえで、接続確認するときは

ssh [ユーザ名]@[接続先IPアドレス]
今回の場合だと、、、
ssh ec2-user@172.19.176.92

結果がこちら。これで接続元からのssh接続確認（＝ansibleサーバからansibleサーバへのssh接続確認）は完了。

ansible-repoの作成

最低限というと語弊があるけど、実行環境はわかるようにしておく。
ホームディレクトリの配下に”ansible-repo"を作成する

cd ~
mkdir ansible-repo
cd ansible-repo

hostsファイルの作成

ansibleで接続先を指定する場合、hostsファイルにあらかじめ登録されている必要がある。
このhostsファイルは通常、実行時のカレントディレクトリ上にあるhostsファイルを探すそうなので、
今回は実行環境であるansible-repo配下にhostsを置いておく。
あと、今は自サーバしかないので自サーバのIP（今回の場合だと172.19.176.97)を追記する。

実際の結果がこちら

試し打ち

いろんな書籍ではplaybook.ymlをつくってどうのこうのと言っているが
実際はplaybook.ymlを作らなくても実行できる。
ってことでこれをやってみる。

ansible -i hosts <ip_address> -m ping
ansible -i hosts 172.19.176.97 -m ping

結果がこちら。無事成功！

脱線：/etc/ansible/ansible.cfgのデフォルト設定はどーなってるの？

せっかくなので、デフォルトの/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg を丸ごと残す。

[root@ip-172-19-176-97 ansible-repo]# cat /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
# config file for ansible -- https://ansible.com/
# ===============================================

# nearly all parameters can be overridden in ansible-playbook
# or with command line flags. ansible will read ANSIBLE_CONFIG,
# ansible.cfg in the current working directory, .ansible.cfg in
# the home directory or /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg, whichever it
# finds first

[defaults]

# some basic default values...

# inventory      = /etc/ansible/hosts
# library        = /usr/share/my_modules/
# module_utils   = /usr/share/my_module_utils/
# remote_tmp     = ~/.ansible/tmp
# local_tmp      = ~/.ansible/tmp
# plugin_filters_cfg = /etc/ansible/plugin_filters.yml
# forks          = 5
# poll_interval  = 15
# sudo_user      = root
# ask_sudo_pass = True
# ask_pass      = True
# transport      = smart
# remote_port    = 22
# module_lang    = C
# module_set_locale = False

# plays will gather facts by default, which contain information about
# the remote system.
#
# smart - gather by default, but don't regather if already gathered
# implicit - gather by default, turn off with gather_facts: False
# explicit - do not gather by default, must say gather_facts: True
# gathering = implicit

# This only affects the gathering done by a play's gather_facts directive,
# by default gathering retrieves all facts subsets
# all - gather all subsets
# network - gather min and network facts
# hardware - gather hardware facts (longest facts to retrieve)
# virtual - gather min and virtual facts
# facter - import facts from facter
# ohai - import facts from ohai
# You can combine them using comma (ex: network,virtual)
# You can negate them using ! (ex: !hardware,!facter,!ohai)
# A minimal set of facts is always gathered.
# gather_subset = all

# some hardware related facts are collected
# with a maximum timeout of 10 seconds. This
# option lets you increase or decrease that
# timeout to something more suitable for the
# environment.
# gather_timeout = 10

# Ansible facts are available inside the ansible_facts.* dictionary
# namespace. This setting maintains the behaviour which was the default prior
# to 2.5, duplicating these variables into the main namespace, each with a
# prefix of 'ansible_'.
# This variable is set to True by default for backwards compatibility. It
# will be changed to a default of 'False' in a future release.
# ansible_facts.
# inject_facts_as_vars = True

# additional paths to search for roles in, colon separated
# roles_path    = /etc/ansible/roles

# uncomment this to disable SSH key host checking
# host_key_checking = False

# change the default callback, you can only have one 'stdout' type  enabled at a time.
# stdout_callback = skippy


## Ansible ships with some plugins that require whitelisting,
## this is done to avoid running all of a type by default.
## These setting lists those that you want enabled for your system.
## Custom plugins should not need this unless plugin author specifies it.

# enable callback plugins, they can output to stdout but cannot be 'stdout' type.
# callback_whitelist = timer, mail

# Determine whether includes in tasks and handlers are "static" by
# default. As of 2.0, includes are dynamic by default. Setting these
# values to True will make includes behave more like they did in the
# 1.x versions.
# task_includes_static = False
# handler_includes_static = False

# Controls if a missing handler for a notification event is an error or a warning
# error_on_missing_handler = True

# change this for alternative sudo implementations
# sudo_exe = sudo

# What flags to pass to sudo
# WARNING: leaving out the defaults might create unexpected behaviours
# sudo_flags = -H -S -n

# SSH timeout
# timeout = 10

# default user to use for playbooks if user is not specified
# (/usr/bin/ansible will use current user as default)
# remote_user = root

# logging is off by default unless this path is defined
# if so defined, consider logrotate
# log_path = /var/log/ansible.log

# default module name for /usr/bin/ansible
# module_name = command

# use this shell for commands executed under sudo
# you may need to change this to bin/bash in rare instances
# if sudo is constrained
# executable = /bin/sh

# if inventory variables overlap, does the higher precedence one win
# or are hash values merged together?  The default is 'replace' but
# this can also be set to 'merge'.
# hash_behaviour = replace

# by default, variables from roles will be visible in the global variable
# scope. To prevent this, the following option can be enabled, and only
# tasks and handlers within the role will see the variables there
# private_role_vars = yes

# list any Jinja2 extensions to enable here:
# jinja2_extensions = jinja2.ext.do,jinja2.ext.i18n

# if set, always use this private key file for authentication, same as
# if passing --private-key to ansible or ansible-playbook
# private_key_file = /path/to/file

# If set, configures the path to the Vault password file as an alternative to
# specifying --vault-password-file on the command line.
# vault_password_file = /path/to/vault_password_file

# format of string {{ ansible_managed }} available within Jinja2
# templates indicates to users editing templates files will be replaced.
# replacing {file}, {host} and {uid} and strftime codes with proper values.
# ansible_managed = Ansible managed: {file} modified on %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S by {uid} on {host}
# {file}, {host}, {uid}, and the timestamp can all interfere with idempotence
# in some situations so the default is a static string:
# ansible_managed = Ansible managed

# by default, ansible-playbook will display "Skipping [host]" if it determines a task
# should not be run on a host.  Set this to "False" if you don't want to see these "Skipping"
# messages. NOTE: the task header will still be shown regardless of whether or not the
# task is skipped.
# display_skipped_hosts = True

# by default, if a task in a playbook does not include a name: field then
# ansible-playbook will construct a header that includes the task's action but
# not the task's args.  This is a security feature because ansible cannot know
# if the *module* considers an argument to be no_log at the time that the
# header is printed.  If your environment doesn't have a problem securing
# stdout from ansible-playbook (or you have manually specified no_log in your
# playbook on all of the tasks where you have secret information) then you can
# safely set this to True to get more informative messages.
# display_args_to_stdout = False

# by default (as of 1.3), Ansible will raise errors when attempting to dereference
# Jinja2 variables that are not set in templates or action lines. Uncomment this line
# to revert the behavior to pre-1.3.
# error_on_undefined_vars = False

# by default (as of 1.6), Ansible may display warnings based on the configuration of the
# system running ansible itself. This may include warnings about 3rd party packages or
# other conditions that should be resolved if possible.
# to disable these warnings, set the following value to False:
# system_warnings = True

# by default (as of 1.4), Ansible may display deprecation warnings for language
# features that should no longer be used and will be removed in future versions.
# to disable these warnings, set the following value to False:
# deprecation_warnings = True

# (as of 1.8), Ansible can optionally warn when usage of the shell and
# command module appear to be simplified by using a default Ansible module
# instead.  These warnings can be silenced by adjusting the following
# setting or adding warn=yes or warn=no to the end of the command line
# parameter string.  This will for example suggest using the git module
# instead of shelling out to the git command.
# command_warnings = False


# set plugin path directories here, separate with colons
# action_plugins     = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/action
# become_plugins     = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/become
# cache_plugins      = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/cache
# callback_plugins   = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/callback
# connection_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/connection
# lookup_plugins     = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/lookup
# inventory_plugins  = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/inventory
# vars_plugins       = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/vars
# filter_plugins     = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/filter
# test_plugins       = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/test
# terminal_plugins   = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/terminal
# strategy_plugins   = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/strategy


# by default, ansible will use the 'linear' strategy but you may want to try
# another one
# strategy = free

# by default callbacks are not loaded for /bin/ansible, enable this if you
# want, for example, a notification or logging callback to also apply to
# /bin/ansible runs
# bin_ansible_callbacks = False


# don't like cows?  that's unfortunate.
# set to 1 if you don't want cowsay support or export ANSIBLE_NOCOWS=1
# nocows = 1

# set which cowsay stencil you'd like to use by default. When set to 'random',
# a random stencil will be selected for each task. The selection will be filtered
# against the `cow_whitelist` option below.
# cow_selection = default
# cow_selection = random

# when using the 'random' option for cowsay, stencils will be restricted to this list.
# it should be formatted as a comma-separated list with no spaces between names.
# NOTE: line continuations here are for formatting purposes only, as the INI parser
#       in python does not support them.
# cow_whitelist=bud-frogs,bunny,cheese,daemon,default,dragon,elephant-in-snake,elephant,eyes,\
#              hellokitty,kitty,luke-koala,meow,milk,moofasa,moose,ren,sheep,small,stegosaurus,\
#              stimpy,supermilker,three-eyes,turkey,turtle,tux,udder,vader-koala,vader,www

# don't like colors either?
# set to 1 if you don't want colors, or export ANSIBLE_NOCOLOR=1
# nocolor = 1

# if set to a persistent type (not 'memory', for example 'redis') fact values
# from previous runs in Ansible will be stored.  This may be useful when
# wanting to use, for example, IP information from one group of servers
# without having to talk to them in the same playbook run to get their
# current IP information.
# fact_caching = memory

# This option tells Ansible where to cache facts. The value is plugin dependent.
# For the jsonfile plugin, it should be a path to a local directory.
# For the redis plugin, the value is a host:port:database triplet: fact_caching_connection = localhost:6379:0

# fact_caching_connection=/tmp



# retry files
# When a playbook fails a .retry file can be created that will be placed in ~/
# You can enable this feature by setting retry_files_enabled to True
# and you can change the location of the files by setting retry_files_save_path

# retry_files_enabled = False
# retry_files_save_path = ~/.ansible-retry

# squash actions
# Ansible can optimise actions that call modules with list parameters
# when looping. Instead of calling the module once per with_ item, the
# module is called once with all items at once. Currently this only works
# under limited circumstances, and only with parameters named 'name'.
# squash_actions = apk,apt,dnf,homebrew,pacman,pkgng,yum,zypper

# prevents logging of task data, off by default
# no_log = False

# prevents logging of tasks, but only on the targets, data is still logged on the master/controller
# no_target_syslog = False

# controls whether Ansible will raise an error or warning if a task has no
# choice but to create world readable temporary files to execute a module on
# the remote machine.  This option is False by default for security.  Users may
# turn this on to have behaviour more like Ansible prior to 2.1.x.  See
# https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/become.html#becoming-an-unprivileged-user
# for more secure ways to fix this than enabling this option.
# allow_world_readable_tmpfiles = False

# controls the compression level of variables sent to
# worker processes. At the default of 0, no compression
# is used. This value must be an integer from 0 to 9.
# var_compression_level = 9

# controls what compression method is used for new-style ansible modules when
# they are sent to the remote system.  The compression types depend on having
# support compiled into both the controller's python and the client's python.
# The names should match with the python Zipfile compression types:
# * ZIP_STORED (no compression. available everywhere)
# * ZIP_DEFLATED (uses zlib, the default)
# These values may be set per host via the ansible_module_compression inventory
# variable
# module_compression = 'ZIP_DEFLATED'

# This controls the cutoff point (in bytes) on --diff for files
# set to 0 for unlimited (RAM may suffer!).
# max_diff_size = 1048576

# This controls how ansible handles multiple --tags and --skip-tags arguments
# on the CLI.  If this is True then multiple arguments are merged together.  If
# it is False, then the last specified argument is used and the others are ignored.
# This option will be removed in 2.8.
# merge_multiple_cli_flags = True

# Controls showing custom stats at the end, off by default
# show_custom_stats = True

# Controls which files to ignore when using a directory as inventory with
# possibly multiple sources (both static and dynamic)
# inventory_ignore_extensions = ~, .orig, .bak, .ini, .cfg, .retry, .pyc, .pyo

# This family of modules use an alternative execution path optimized for network appliances
# only update this setting if you know how this works, otherwise it can break module execution
# network_group_modules=eos, nxos, ios, iosxr, junos, vyos

# When enabled, this option allows lookups (via variables like {{lookup('foo')}} or when used as
# a loop with `with_foo`) to return data that is not marked "unsafe". This means the data may contain
# jinja2 templating language which will be run through the templating engine.
# ENABLING THIS COULD BE A SECURITY RISK
# allow_unsafe_lookups = False

# set default errors for all plays
# any_errors_fatal = False

[inventory]
# enable inventory plugins, default: 'host_list', 'script', 'auto', 'yaml', 'ini', 'toml'
# enable_plugins = host_list, virtualbox, yaml, constructed

# ignore these extensions when parsing a directory as inventory source
# ignore_extensions = .pyc, .pyo, .swp, .bak, ~, .rpm, .md, .txt, ~, .orig, .ini, .cfg, .retry

# ignore files matching these patterns when parsing a directory as inventory source
# ignore_patterns=

# If 'true' unparsed inventory sources become fatal errors, they are warnings otherwise.
# unparsed_is_failed=False

[privilege_escalation]
# become=True
# become_method=sudo
# become_user=root
# become_ask_pass=False

[paramiko_connection]

# uncomment this line to cause the paramiko connection plugin to not record new host
# keys encountered.  Increases performance on new host additions.  Setting works independently of the
# host key checking setting above.
# record_host_keys=False

# by default, Ansible requests a pseudo-terminal for commands executed under sudo. Uncomment this
# line to disable this behaviour.
# pty=False

# paramiko will default to looking for SSH keys initially when trying to
# authenticate to remote devices.  This is a problem for some network devices
# that close the connection after a key failure.  Uncomment this line to
# disable the Paramiko look for keys function
# look_for_keys = False

# When using persistent connections with Paramiko, the connection runs in a
# background process.  If the host doesn't already have a valid SSH key, by
# default Ansible will prompt to add the host key.  This will cause connections
# running in background processes to fail.  Uncomment this line to have
# Paramiko automatically add host keys.
# host_key_auto_add = True

[ssh_connection]

# ssh arguments to use
# Leaving off ControlPersist will result in poor performance, so use
# paramiko on older platforms rather than removing it, -C controls compression use
# ssh_args = -C -o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPersist=60s

# The base directory for the ControlPath sockets.
# This is the "%(directory)s" in the control_path option
#
# Example:
# control_path_dir = /tmp/.ansible/cp
# control_path_dir = ~/.ansible/cp

# The path to use for the ControlPath sockets. This defaults to a hashed string of the hostname,
# port and username (empty string in the config). The hash mitigates a common problem users
# found with long hostnames and the conventional %(directory)s/ansible-ssh-%%h-%%p-%%r format.
# In those cases, a "too long for Unix domain socket" ssh error would occur.
#
# Example:
# control_path = %(directory)s/%%h-%%r
# control_path =

# Enabling pipelining reduces the number of SSH operations required to
# execute a module on the remote server. This can result in a significant
# performance improvement when enabled, however when using "sudo:" you must
# first disable 'requiretty' in /etc/sudoers
#
# By default, this option is disabled to preserve compatibility with
# sudoers configurations that have requiretty (the default on many distros).
#
# pipelining = False

# Control the mechanism for transferring files (old)
#   * smart = try sftp and then try scp [default]
#   * True = use scp only
#   * False = use sftp only
# scp_if_ssh = smart

# Control the mechanism for transferring files (new)
# If set, this will override the scp_if_ssh option
#   * sftp  = use sftp to transfer files
#   * scp   = use scp to transfer files
#   * piped = use 'dd' over SSH to transfer files
#   * smart = try sftp, scp, and piped, in that order [default]
# transfer_method = smart

# if False, sftp will not use batch mode to transfer files. This may cause some
# types of file transfer failures impossible to catch however, and should
# only be disabled if your sftp version has problems with batch mode
# sftp_batch_mode = False

# The -tt argument is passed to ssh when pipelining is not enabled because sudo
# requires a tty by default.
# usetty = True

# Number of times to retry an SSH connection to a host, in case of UNREACHABLE.
# For each retry attempt, there is an exponential backoff,
# so after the first attempt there is 1s wait, then 2s, 4s etc. up to 30s (max).
# retries = 3

[persistent_connection]

# Configures the persistent connection timeout value in seconds.  This value is
# how long the persistent connection will remain idle before it is destroyed.
# If the connection doesn't receive a request before the timeout value
# expires, the connection is shutdown. The default value is 30 seconds.
# connect_timeout = 30

# The command timeout value defines the amount of time to wait for a command
# or RPC call before timing out. The value for the command timeout must
# be less than the value of the persistent connection idle timeout (connect_timeout)
# The default value is 30 second.
# command_timeout = 30

[accelerate]
# accelerate_port = 5099
# accelerate_timeout = 30
# accelerate_connect_timeout = 5.0

# The daemon timeout is measured in minutes. This time is measured
# from the last activity to the accelerate daemon.
# accelerate_daemon_timeout = 30

# If set to yes, accelerate_multi_key will allow multiple
# private keys to be uploaded to it, though each user must
# have access to the system via SSH to add a new key. The default
# is "no".
# accelerate_multi_key = yes

[selinux]
# file systems that require special treatment when dealing with security context
# the default behaviour that copies the existing context or uses the user default
# needs to be changed to use the file system dependent context.
# special_context_filesystems=nfs,vboxsf,fuse,ramfs,9p,vfat

# Set this to yes to allow libvirt_lxc connections to work without SELinux.
# libvirt_lxc_noseclabel = yes

[colors]
# highlight = white
# verbose = blue
# warn = bright purple
# error = red
# debug = dark gray
# deprecate = purple
# skip = cyan
# unreachable = red
# ok = green
# changed = yellow
# diff_add = green
# diff_remove = red
# diff_lines = cyan


[diff]
# Always print diff when running ( same as always running with -D/--diff )
# always = no

# Set how many context lines to show in diff
# context = 3