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1.2(易) 和事象,積事象の性質

Last updated at Posted at 2021-07-08

方針

和集合と積集合の関係:


A\cap(B\cup C)=(A\cap B)\cup (A\cap C)

と,命題1.2(4)の

P[A\cup B]=P[A]+P[B]-P[A\cap B]

を用いて式変形していく.いずれもベン図を書いて確かめることができる.

答案

\begin{align}
P[A_1\cup A_2\cup A_3]&=P[(A_1\cup A_2)\cup A_3]\\
&= P[A_1\cup A_2]+P[A_3]-P[(A_1\cup A_2)\cap A_3]\\
&= P[A_1]+P[A_2]-P[A_1\cap A_2]-P[A_3]-P[(A_1\cap A_3)\cup (A_2\cap A_3)]\\
&= P[A_1]+P[A_2]+P[A_3]\\
& \ \ \ \ \ -P[A_1\cap A_2]-P[A_1\cap A_3]-P[A_2\cap A_3]\\
& \ \ \ \ \ +P[A_1\cap A_2\cap A_3]
\end{align}

参考文献

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