「霊園ガイド」サイト開発日記の高橋です。＜誰も知らんがな＜枕詞
最近は ethers.js や web3.js を眺めてる日々ですが、今日は、Ethereumのコントラクトを書くためのSolidityを入れてみます。
Solidityとは、スマートコントラクトを記述するための手続き型プログラミング言語であり、キャビン・ウッドによって作成された。JavaSriptやC++に似た構文を持つとされる。SolidityによってコンパイルしたプログラムはEthereum Virtual Machine上での実行が想定されている。 ウィキペディア
ちなみに
Solidityのドキュメントはここにあります
https://docs.soliditylang.org/
Gethのドキュメント
https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/
Solidityコンパイラ（solc）のドキュメント
https://solidity-jp.readthedocs.io/ja/latest/using-the-compiler.html
Rimixのドキュメント
https://remix-ide.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
先人@kagami-r0927氏のページにUbuntu,Win,Macのインストール手順がまとまっていたので、そのUbuntu編を参考にさせてもらいながら、やってみます。
Ethereum [Solidity 開発環境準備]
https://qiita.com/kagami-r0927/items/1c24a8b461ac4a6396a8 #Qiita @diligent_appより
まずは Gethのインストール
いくつかあるEthereumクライアントの中で公式推奨されているクライアントGethを入れます。
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ethereum/ethereum
今回の環境は web3.js の時にAWSにさらのUbuntuを入れたので、add-apt-repositoryが入ってない、ということで、先にそれをインストールしました。
#add-apt-repositoryを入れる
sudo apt install software-properties-common
#リポジトリを追加する
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ethereum/ethereum
#aptをアップデートする
sudo apt update
#ethereumをインストールするとGethも入る
sudo apt install ethereum
先人はapt-getを使われてますが、ここではいまどきのaptで行きます。
さて、geth --helpを打ってずらずらと以下のヘルプが出てくればOK。
一応、helpを眺めるために出力を全部貼っておきます。
geth --help
NAME:
geth - the go-ethereum command line interface
Copyright 2013-2022 The go-ethereum Authors
USAGE:
geth [options] [command] [command options] [arguments...]
VERSION:
1.10.17-stable-25c9b49f
COMMANDS:
account Manage accounts
attach Start an interactive JavaScript environment (connect to
node)
console Start an interactive JavaScript environment
db Low level database operations
dump Dump a specific block from storage
dumpconfig Show configuration values
dumpgenesis Dumps genesis block JSON configuration to stdout
export Export blockchain into file
export-preimages Export the preimage database into an RLP stream
import Import a blockchain file
import-preimages Import the preimage database from an RLP stream
init Bootstrap and initialize a new genesis block
js Execute the specified JavaScript files
license Display license information
makecache Generate ethash verification cache (for testing)
makedag Generate ethash mining DAG (for testing)
removedb Remove blockchain and state databases
show-deprecated-flags Show flags that have been deprecated
snapshot A set of commands based on the snapshot
version Print version numbers
version-check Checks (online) whether the current version suffers fro
m any known security vulnerabilities
wallet Manage Ethereum presale wallets
help, h Shows a list of commands or help for one command
ETHEREUM OPTIONS:
--config value TOML configuration file
--datadir value Data directory for the databases and keystore (default:
"/home/info/.ethereum")
--datadir.ancient value Data directory for ancient chain segments (default = in
side chaindata)
--datadir.minfreedisk value Minimum free disk space in MB, once reached triggers au
to shut down (default = --cache.gc converted to MB, 0 = disabled)
--keystore value Directory for the keystore (default = inside the datadi
r)
--usb Enable monitoring and management of USB hardware wallet
s
--pcscdpath value Path to the smartcard daemon (pcscd) socket file (defau
lt: "/run/pcscd/pcscd.comm")
--networkid value Explicitly set network id (integer)(For testnets: use -
-ropsten, --rinkeby, --goerli instead) (default: 1)
--mainnet Ethereum mainnet
--goerli Görli network: pre-configured proof-of-authority test n
etwork
--rinkeby Rinkeby network: pre-configured proof-of-authority test
network
--ropsten Ropsten network: pre-configured proof-of-work test netw
ork
--sepolia Sepolia network: pre-configured proof-of-work test netw
ork
--kiln Kiln network: pre-configured proof-of-work to proof-of-
stake test network
--syncmode value Blockchain sync mode ("snap", "full" or "light") (defau
lt: snap)
--exitwhensynced Exits after block synchronisation completes
--gcmode value Blockchain garbage collection mode ("full", "archive")
(default: "full")
--txlookuplimit value Number of recent blocks to maintain transactions index
for (default = about one year, 0 = entire chain) (default: 2350000)
--ethstats value Reporting URL of a ethstats service (nodename:secret@ho
st:port)
--identity value Custom node name
--lightkdf Reduce key-derivation RAM & CPU usage at some expense o
f KDF strength
--eth.requiredblocks value Comma separated block number-to-hash mappings to requir
e for peering (<number>=<hash>)
LIGHT CLIENT OPTIONS:
--light.serve value Maximum percentage of time allowed for serving LES requ
ests (multi-threaded processing allows values over 100) (default: 0)
--light.ingress value Incoming bandwidth limit for serving light clients (kil
obytes/sec, 0 = unlimited) (default: 0)
--light.egress value Outgoing bandwidth limit for serving light clients (kil
obytes/sec, 0 = unlimited) (default: 0)
--light.maxpeers value Maximum number of light clients to serve, or light serv
ers to attach to (default: 100)
--ulc.servers value List of trusted ultra-light servers
--ulc.fraction value Minimum % of trusted ultra-light servers required to an
nounce a new head (default: 75)
--ulc.onlyannounce Ultra light server sends announcements only
--light.nopruning Disable ancient light chain data pruning
--light.nosyncserve Enables serving light clients before syncing
DEVELOPER CHAIN OPTIONS:
--dev Ephemeral proof-of-authority network with a pre-funded
developer account, mining enabled
--dev.period value Block period to use in developer mode (0 = mine only if
transaction pending) (default: 0)
--dev.gaslimit value Initial block gas limit (default: 11500000)
ETHASH OPTIONS:
--ethash.cachedir value Directory to store the ethash verification caches (defa
ult = inside the datadir)
--ethash.cachesinmem value Number of recent ethash caches to keep in memory (16MB
each) (default: 2)
--ethash.cachesondisk value Number of recent ethash caches to keep on disk (16MB ea
ch) (default: 3)
--ethash.cacheslockmmap Lock memory maps of recent ethash caches
--ethash.dagdir value Directory to store the ethash mining DAGs (default: "/h
ome/info/.ethash")
--ethash.dagsinmem value Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep in memory (
1+GB each) (default: 1)
--ethash.dagsondisk value Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep on disk (1+
GB each) (default: 2)
--ethash.dagslockmmap Lock memory maps for recent ethash mining DAGs
TRANSACTION POOL OPTIONS:
--txpool.locals value Comma separated accounts to treat as locals (no flush,
priority inclusion)
--txpool.nolocals Disables price exemptions for locally submitted transac
tions
--txpool.journal value Disk journal for local transaction to survive node rest
arts (default: "transactions.rlp")
--txpool.rejournal value Time interval to regenerate the local transaction journ
al (default: 1h0m0s)
--txpool.pricelimit value Minimum gas price limit to enforce for acceptance into
the pool (default: 1)
--txpool.pricebump value Price bump percentage to replace an already existing tr
ansaction (default: 10)
--txpool.accountslots value Minimum number of executable transaction slots guarante
ed per account (default: 16)
--txpool.globalslots value Maximum number of executable transaction slots for all
accounts (default: 5120)
--txpool.accountqueue value Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots perm
itted per account (default: 64)
--txpool.globalqueue value Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots for
all accounts (default: 1024)
--txpool.lifetime value Maximum amount of time non-executable transaction are q
ueued (default: 3h0m0s)
PERFORMANCE TUNING OPTIONS:
--cache value Megabytes of memory allocated to internal caching (defa
ult = 4096 mainnet full node, 128 light mode) (default: 1024)
--cache.database value Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for databas
e io (default: 50)
--cache.trie value Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for trie ca
ching (default = 15% full mode, 30% archive mode) (default: 15)
--cache.trie.journal value Disk journal directory for trie cache to survive node r
estarts (default: "triecache")
--cache.trie.rejournal value Time interval to regenerate the trie cache journal (def
ault: 1h0m0s)
--cache.gc value Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for trie pr
uning (default = 25% full mode, 0% archive mode) (default: 25)
--cache.snapshot value Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for snapsho
t caching (default = 10% full mode, 20% archive mode) (default: 10)
--cache.noprefetch Disable heuristic state prefetch during block import (l
ess CPU and disk IO, more time waiting for data)
--cache.preimages Enable recording the SHA3/keccak preimages of trie keys
--fdlimit value Raise the open file descriptor resource limit (default
= system fd limit) (default: 0)
ACCOUNT OPTIONS:
--unlock value Comma separated list of accounts to unlock
--password value Password file to use for non-interactive password input
--signer value External signer (url or path to ipc file)
--allow-insecure-unlock Allow insecure account unlocking when account-related R
PCs are exposed by http
API AND CONSOLE OPTIONS:
--ipcdisable Disable the IPC-RPC server
--ipcpath value Filename for IPC socket/pipe within the datadir (explic
it paths escape it)
--http Enable the HTTP-RPC server
--http.addr value HTTP-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhos
t")
--http.port value HTTP-RPC server listening port (default: 8545)
--http.api value API's offered over the HTTP-RPC interface
--http.rpcprefix value HTTP path path prefix on which JSON-RPC is served. Use
'/' to serve on all paths.
--http.corsdomain value Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cr
oss origin requests (browser enforced)
--http.vhosts value Comma separated list of virtual hostnames from which to
accept requests (server enforced). Accepts '*' wildcard. (default: "localhost")
--ws Enable the WS-RPC server
--ws.addr value WS-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost"
)
--ws.port value WS-RPC server listening port (default: 8546)
--ws.api value API's offered over the WS-RPC interface
--ws.rpcprefix value HTTP path prefix on which JSON-RPC is served. Use '/' t
o serve on all paths.
--ws.origins value Origins from which to accept websockets requests
--authrpc.jwtsecret value Path to a JWT secret to use for authenticated RPC endpo
ints
--authrpc.addr value Listening address for authenticated APIs (default: "loc
alhost")
--authrpc.port value Listening port for authenticated APIs (default: 8551)
--authrpc.vhosts value Comma separated list of virtual hostnames from which to
accept requests (server enforced). Accepts '*' wildcard. (default: "localhost")
--graphql Enable GraphQL on the HTTP-RPC server. Note that GraphQ
L can only be started if an HTTP server is started as well.
--graphql.corsdomain value Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cr
oss origin requests (browser enforced)
--graphql.vhosts value Comma separated list of virtual hostnames from which to
accept requests (server enforced). Accepts '*' wildcard. (default: "localhost")
--rpc.gascap value Sets a cap on gas that can be used in eth_call/estimate
Gas (0=infinite) (default: 50000000)
--rpc.evmtimeout value Sets a timeout used for eth_call (0=infinite) (default:
5s)
--rpc.txfeecap value Sets a cap on transaction fee (in ether) that can be se
nt via the RPC APIs (0 = no cap) (default: 1)
--rpc.allow-unprotected-txs Allow for unprotected (non EIP155 signed) transactions
to be submitted via RPC
--jspath loadScript JavaScript root path for loadScript (default: ".")
--exec value Execute JavaScript statement
--preload value Comma separated list of JavaScript files to preload int
o the console
NETWORKING OPTIONS:
--bootnodes value Comma separated enode URLs for P2P discovery bootstrap
--discovery.dns value Sets DNS discovery entry points (use "" to disable DNS)
--port value Network listening port (default: 30303)
--maxpeers value Maximum number of network peers (network disabled if se
t to 0) (default: 50)
--maxpendpeers value Maximum number of pending connection attempts (defaults
used if set to 0) (default: 0)
--nat value NAT port mapping mechanism (any|none|upnp|pmp|extip:<IP
>) (default: "any")
--nodiscover Disables the peer discovery mechanism (manual peer addi
tion)
--v5disc Enables the experimental RLPx V5 (Topic Discovery) mech
anism
--netrestrict value Restricts network communication to the given IP network
s (CIDR masks)
--nodekey value P2P node key file
--nodekeyhex value P2P node key as hex (for testing)
MINER OPTIONS:
--mine Enable mining
--miner.threads value Number of CPU threads to use for mining (default: 0)
--miner.notify value Comma separated HTTP URL list to notify of new work pac
kages
--miner.notify.full Notify with pending block headers instead of work packa
ges
--miner.gasprice value Minimum gas price for mining a transaction (default: 10
00000000)
--miner.gaslimit value Target gas ceiling for mined blocks (default: 8000000)
--miner.etherbase value Public address for block mining rewards (default = firs
t account) (default: "0")
--miner.extradata value Block extra data set by the miner (default = client ver
sion)
--miner.recommit value Time interval to recreate the block being mined (defaul
t: 3s)
--miner.noverify Disable remote sealing verification
GAS PRICE ORACLE OPTIONS:
--gpo.blocks value Number of recent blocks to check for gas prices (defaul
t: 20)
--gpo.percentile value Suggested gas price is the given percentile of a set of
recent transaction gas prices (default: 60)
--gpo.maxprice value Maximum transaction priority fee (or gasprice before Lo
ndon fork) to be recommended by gpo (default: 500000000000)
--gpo.ignoreprice value Gas price below which gpo will ignore transactions (def
ault: 2)
VIRTUAL MACHINE OPTIONS:
--vmdebug Record information useful for VM and contract debugging
LOGGING AND DEBUGGING OPTIONS:
--fakepow Disables proof-of-work verification
--nocompaction Disables db compaction after import
--verbosity value Logging verbosity: 0=silent, 1=error, 2=warn, 3=info, 4
=debug, 5=detail (default: 3)
--vmodule value Per-module verbosity: comma-separated list of <pattern>
=<level> (e.g. eth/*=5,p2p=4)
--log.json Format logs with JSON
--log.backtrace value Request a stack trace at a specific logging statement (
e.g. "block.go:271")
--log.debug Prepends log messages with call-site location (file and
line number)
--pprof Enable the pprof HTTP server
--pprof.addr value pprof HTTP server listening interface (default: "127.0.
0.1")
--pprof.port value pprof HTTP server listening port (default: 6060)
--pprof.memprofilerate value Turn on memory profiling with the given rate (default:
524288)
--pprof.blockprofilerate value Turn on block profiling with the given rate (default: 0
)
--pprof.cpuprofile value Write CPU profile to the given file
--trace value Write execution trace to the given file
METRICS AND STATS OPTIONS:
--metrics Enable metrics collection and reporting
--metrics.expensive Enable expensive metrics collection and reporting
--metrics.addr value Enable stand-alone metrics HTTP server listening int
erface (default: "127.0.0.1")
--metrics.port value Metrics HTTP server listening port (default: 6060)
--metrics.influxdb Enable metrics export/push to an external InfluxDB d
atabase
--metrics.influxdb.endpoint value InfluxDB API endpoint to report metrics to (default:
"http://localhost:8086")
--metrics.influxdb.database value InfluxDB database name to push reported metrics to (
default: "geth")
--metrics.influxdb.username value Username to authorize access to the database (defaul
t: "test")
--metrics.influxdb.password value Password to authorize access to the database (defaul
t: "test")
--metrics.influxdb.tags value Comma-separated InfluxDB tags (key/values) attached
to all measurements (default: "host=localhost")
--metrics.influxdbv2 Enable metrics export/push to an external InfluxDB v
2 database
--metrics.influxdb.token value Token to authorize access to the database (v2 only)
(default: "test")
--metrics.influxdb.bucket value InfluxDB bucket name to push reported metrics to (v2
only) (default: "geth")
--metrics.influxdb.organization value InfluxDB organization name (v2 only) (default: "geth
")
ALIASED (deprecated) OPTIONS:
--nousb Disables monitoring for and managing USB hardware walle
ts (deprecated)
--whitelist value Comma separated block number-to-hash mappings to enforc
e (<number>=<hash>) (deprecated in favor of --peer.requiredblocks)
MISC OPTIONS:
--snapshot Enables snapshot-database mode (default = enable)
--bloomfilter.size value Megabytes of memory allocated to bloom-filter for
pruning (default: 2048)
--help, -h show help
--override.arrowglacier value Manually specify Arrow Glacier fork-block, overri
ding the bundled setting (default: 0)
--override.terminaltotaldifficulty value Manually specify TerminalTotalDifficulty, overrid
ing the bundled setting (default: 0)
COPYRIGHT:
Copyright 2013-2022 The go-ethereum Authors
次はSolidityコンパイラ（solc）のインストール
add-apt-repositoryとapt updateは上でやってるのでいきなりいきます。
sudo apt install solc
バージョンを確認する
solc --version
solc, the solidity compiler commandline interface
Version: 0.8.13+commit.abaa5c0e.Linux.g++
OK
どこに入ったかな？
info@web3:~/solidity$ which geth
/usr/bin/geth
info@web3:~/solidity$ which solc
/usr/bin/solc
/usr/bin/の下に入ったようです。
Rimix（Browser-Solidity）
先人様のページには二つの方法が書いてあって、
- GitHubのリポジトリをクローンし、ローカルで立ち上げる
- クラウドIDE
今回はクラウドIDEで行こうと思うのですが、先人様のページにあるクラウドIDEのリンクは既に移動してこんなメッセージが出るので新しい方へ行ってみます。
ここです。
RemixIDE
http://remix.ethereum.org
こんなページが開きました。
Google翻訳先生にお願いするとこうなりました。
少しゆっくり眺めてみようと思います。
今日はここまで。
と思ったけど、せっかくGethを入れたので
@kagami-r0927 さんのところにあるこれをやってみた。
Ethereum [プライベートネットワークに接続する]
https://qiita.com/kagami-r0927/items/af31aa6d51053787de43 #Qiita
普通に動いたようなので、次は、これをやってみました。よくできたチュートリアルです。
イーサリアム上のDApp開発をゲームを作って学びましょう
CryptoZombiesは、暗号からゾンビを生み出すゲームの開発を通じて、Solidityでスマートコントラクトの構築を学習できる、インタラクティブなオンラインレッスンです。
https://cryptozombies.io/jp/