TL;DR

ヘルプを確認して、オプションを色々使ってみよう。
ソースコードを変更してみよう

ヘルプの確認

多くの Nagios plugins は、 --help や -h オプションを受け付けるようになっており、ヘルプが出力されます。

例えば check_http ですと、下記のようなヘルプが出力されます。

$ /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_http --help
check_http v2.2.1 (nagios-plugins 2.2.1)
Copyright (c) 1999 Ethan Galstad <nagios@nagios.org>
Copyright (c) 1999-2014 Nagios Plugin Development Team
        <devel@nagios-plugins.org>

This plugin tests the HTTP service on the specified host. It can test
normal (http) and secure (https) servers, follow redirects, search for
strings and regular expressions, check connection times, and report on
certificate expiration times.


Usage:
 check_http -H <vhost> | -I <IP-address> [-u <uri>] [-p <port>]
       [-J <client certificate file>] [-K <private key>]
       [-w <warn time>] [-c <critical time>] [-t <timeout>] [-L] [-E] [-a auth]
       [-b proxy_auth] [-f <ok|warning|critcal|follow|sticky|stickyport>]
       [-e <expect>] [-d string] [-s string] [-l] [-r <regex> | -R <case-insensitive regex>]
       [-P string] [-m <min_pg_size>:<max_pg_size>] [-4|-6] [-N] [-M <age>]
       [-A string] [-k string] [-S <version>] [--sni] [-C <warn_age>[,<crit_age>]]
       [-T <content-type>] [-j method]
NOTE: One or both of -H and -I must be specified

Options:
 -h, --help
    Print detailed help screen
 -V, --version
    Print version information
 --extra-opts=[section][@file]
    Read options from an ini file. See
    https://www.nagios-plugins.org/doc/extra-opts.html
    for usage and examples.
 -H, --hostname=ADDRESS
    Host name argument for servers using host headers (virtual host)
    Append a port to include it in the header (eg: example.com:5000)
 -I, --IP-address=ADDRESS
    IP address or name (use numeric address if possible to bypass DNS lookup).
 -p, --port=INTEGER
    Port number (default: 80)
 -4, --use-ipv4
    Use IPv4 connection
 -6, --use-ipv6
    Use IPv6 connection
 -S, --ssl=VERSION[+]
    Connect via SSL. Port defaults to 443. VERSION is optional, and prevents
    auto-negotiation (2 = SSLv2, 3 = SSLv3, 1 = TLSv1, 1.1 = TLSv1.1,
    1.2 = TLSv1.2). With a '+' suffix, newer versions are also accepted.
 --sni
    Enable SSL/TLS hostname extension support (SNI)
 -C, --certificate=INTEGER[,INTEGER]
    Minimum number of days a certificate has to be valid. Port defaults to 443
    (when this option is used the URL is not checked.)
 -J, --client-cert=FILE
   Name of file that contains the client certificate (PEM format)
   to be used in establishing the SSL session
 -K, --private-key=FILE
   Name of file containing the private key (PEM format)
   matching the client certificate
 -e, --expect=STRING
    Comma-delimited list of strings, at least one of them is expected in
    the first (status) line of the server response (default: HTTP/1.)
    If specified skips all other status line logic (ex: 3xx, 4xx, 5xx processing)
 -d, --header-string=STRING
    String to expect in the response headers
 -s, --string=STRING
    String to expect in the content
 -u, --uri=PATH
    URI to GET or POST (default: /)
 --url=PATH
    (deprecated) URL to GET or POST (default: /)
 -P, --post=STRING
    URL encoded http POST data
 -j, --method=STRING  (for example: HEAD, OPTIONS, TRACE, PUT, DELETE, CONNECT)
    Set HTTP method.
 -N, --no-body
    Don't wait for document body: stop reading after headers.
    (Note that this still does an HTTP GET or POST, not a HEAD.)
 -M, --max-age=SECONDS
    Warn if document is more than SECONDS old. the number can also be of
    the form "10m" for minutes, "10h" for hours, or "10d" for days.
 -T, --content-type=STRING
    specify Content-Type header media type when POSTing

 -l, --linespan
    Allow regex to span newlines (must precede -r or -R)
 -r, --regex, --ereg=STRING
    Search page for regex STRING
 -R, --eregi=STRING
    Search page for case-insensitive regex STRING
 --invert-regex
    Return CRITICAL if found, OK if not

 -a, --authorization=AUTH_PAIR
    Username:password on sites with basic authentication
 -b, --proxy-authorization=AUTH_PAIR
    Username:password on proxy-servers with basic authentication
 -A, --useragent=STRING
    String to be sent in http header as "User Agent"
 -k, --header=STRING
    Any other tags to be sent in http header. Use multiple times for additional headers
 -E, --extended-perfdata
    Print additional performance data
 -L, --link
    Wrap output in HTML link (obsoleted by urlize)
 -f, --onredirect=<ok|warning|critical|follow|sticky|stickyport>
    How to handle redirected pages. sticky is like follow but stick to the
    specified IP address. stickyport also ensures port stays the same.
 -m, --pagesize=INTEGER<:INTEGER>
    Minimum page size required (bytes) : Maximum page size required (bytes)
 -w, --warning=DOUBLE
    Response time to result in warning status (seconds)
 -c, --critical=DOUBLE
    Response time to result in critical status (seconds)
 -t, --timeout=INTEGER:<timeout state>
    Seconds before connection times out (default: 10)
    Optional ":<timeout state>" can be a state integer (0,1,2,3) or a state STRING
 -v, --verbose
    Show details for command-line debugging (Nagios may truncate output)

Notes:
 This plugin will attempt to open an HTTP connection with the host.
 Successful connects return STATE_OK, refusals and timeouts return STATE_CRITICAL
 other errors return STATE_UNKNOWN.  Successful connects, but incorrect reponse
 messages from the host result in STATE_WARNING return values.  If you are
 checking a virtual server that uses 'host headers' you must supply the FQDN
 (fully qualified domain name) as the [host_name] argument.
 You may also need to give a FQDN or IP address using -I (or --IP-Address).

 This plugin can also check whether an SSL enabled web server is able to
 serve content (optionally within a specified time) or whether the X509
 certificate is still valid for the specified number of days.

 Please note that this plugin does not check if the presented server
 certificate matches the hostname of the server, or if the certificate
 has a valid chain of trust to one of the locally installed CAs.

Examples:
 CHECK CONTENT: check_http -w 5 -c 10 --ssl -H www.verisign.com

 When the 'www.verisign.com' server returns its content within 5 seconds,
 a STATE_OK will be returned. When the server returns its content but exceeds
 the 5-second threshold, a STATE_WARNING will be returned. When an error occurs,
 a STATE_CRITICAL will be returned.

 CHECK CERTIFICATE: check_http -H www.verisign.com -C 14

 When the certificate of 'www.verisign.com' is valid for more than 14 days,
 a STATE_OK is returned. When the certificate is still valid, but for less than
 14 days, a STATE_WARNING is returned. A STATE_CRITICAL will be returned when
 the certificate is expired.


 CHECK CERTIFICATE: check_http -H www.verisign.com -C 30,14

 When the certificate of 'www.verisign.com' is valid for more than 30 days,
 a STATE_OK is returned. When the certificate is still valid, but for less than
 30 days, but more than 14 days, a STATE_WARNING is returned.
 A STATE_CRITICAL will be returned when certificate expires in less than 14 days
 CHECK SSL WEBSERVER CONTENT VIA PROXY USING HTTP 1.1 CONNECT:

 check_http -I 192.168.100.35 -p 80 -u https://www.verisign.com/ -S -j CONNECT -H www.verisign.com
 all these options are needed: -I <proxy> -p <proxy-port> -u <check-url> -S(sl) -j CONNECT -H <webserver>
 a STATE_OK will be returned. When the server returns its content but exceeds
 the 5-second threshold, a STATE_WARNING will be returned. When an error occurs,
 a STATE_CRITICAL will be returned.

Send email to help@nagios-plugins.org if you have questions regarding use
of this software. To submit patches or suggest improvements, send email to
devel@nagios-plugins.org

上記のヘルプに記載されたオプションを確認することで、監視の実行に様々なバリエーションを出すことができます。

例えば、ベーシック認証のかかったサイトを監視する場合は -a オプションを利用することでできます。

また、デフォルトでは 403 を WARNING として検知しますが、これを OK としたい場合は -e, --expect=STRING を利用することで調整が可能です。

ソースコードの変更

Nagios Plugin の多くはソースコードが公開されています。また、スクリプトが Perl 等で記載され、サーバ上で書き換えてそのまま書き換えた内容で実行できるものも少なくありません。

例えば、 check_mailq などです。

$ file /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/* | grep -i perl
/usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_mailq: Perl script, ASCII text executable

vi 等でスクリプトを開いてみましょう。

GitHub 等でプロジェクトを検索し、 C 等のソースコードから Nagios プラグインをビルド、インストールしてみましょう。