ActionView::Helpers::FormHelper

<%= form.color_field :favorite_color %>
<%= form.date_field :born_on %>
<%= form.datetime_field :user, :born_on, min: Date.today %>
<%= form.datetime_local_field :graduation_day %>
<%= form.email_field :address %>
<%= form.file_field :post, :image, multiple: true %>
<%= form.hidden_field :parent_id, value: "foo" %>
<%= form.month_field :birthday_month %>
<%= form.number_field :price, in: 1.0..20.0, step: 0.5 %>
<%= form.password_field :password %>
<%= form.phone_field :phone %>
<%= form.range_field :discount, in: 1..100 %>
<%= form.search_field :name %>
<%= form.telephone_field :phone #alias phone_field %>
<%= form.text_area :message, size: "70x5" %>
<%= form.text_field :post, :title, maxlength: 30, class: "title" %>
<%= form.time_field :started_at %>
<%= form.url_field :homepage %>
<%= form.week_field :birthday_week %>

ActionView::Helpers::FormOptionsHelper

collectionは主にドロップダウンリストをDBからの情報を元に作成したいときに使用します。

<%= form.collection_select :city_id, City.order(:name), :id, :name %>
<%= form.collection_radio_buttons :city_id, City.order(:name), :id, :name %>
<%= form.collection_check_boxes :city_id, City.order(:name), :id, :name %>

参考

RUBYGUIDES: Action View Form Helpers
https://guides.rubyonrails.org/form_helpers.html

MDN: : 入力欄 (フォーム入力) 要素
https://developer.mozilla.org/ja/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input