出力結果を増やしたい場合は、page_sizeを調整します。
なお、Dockerhubの認証情報等は不要です。

curl "https://hub.docker.com/v2/repositories/<リポジトリ（イメージ）名>/tags/?page_size=100" | jq .results[].name

例

$ curl "https://hub.docker.com/v2/repositories/alfresco/process-services/tags/?page_size=100" | jq .results[].name
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100 21383    0 21383    0     0  28434      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 28397
"latest"
"1.11.4.2"
"2.3.4"
"2.3.3"
"2.3.2"
"1.11.4.1"
"2.3.1"
"2.2.0.1"
"2.3.0"
"2.2.0"
"2.1.0"
"2.0.1"
"2.0.0"
"1.11.4"
"1.11.3"
"1.11.2"
"1.11.1.1"
"1.10.0.1"
"1.11.1"
"1.11.0"
"1.10.0"
"1.9.0.1"
"1.9.0"
"1.8.1"
"1.8.0"
"1.7.0"
"1.6.0"
"1.6.4"
"1.6.1"