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TypeScriptチートシート1(基本)

Last updated at Posted at 2021-12-28

1:boolean,number,string

let aaa: boolean = true
let bbb: string = "string"
let ccc: number = 100
let ddd: number = 3.14
let eee: number = -1

2:型注釈と型推論

明示的に書かなくても、代入した型から推測してくれる

let aaa = true
let bbb = "string"
let ccc = 100

3:オブジェクトに型を付ける

const person: {
  name: string;
  age: number;
} = {
  name: "jack",
  age: 20,
};

4:配列

const fruits:string[] = ['apple','banana','grape']

5:Tuple型

厳しく型注釈
要素の数、各要素の型をきめる

const book:[string,number,boolean] = ['business',1500, false]

可変長(レストパラメーターにも使える)

const friends :[string, ...string[]] = ["masaki","nana","keisuke"]

6:enum

上から0、1、2となる

enum CoffeeSize {
    SHORT,
    TALL,
    GRANDE
}

const coffee = {
  hot: true,
  size: CoffeeSize.TALL,
};

7:any

なんでも入る javaScriptの世界と同じ あんまり使わない方がよい

8:Union型

複数の型を定義できる
let unionType: number | string = 10;
let unionTypes: (number | string)[] = [21, "hello"];

9:Literal型

この型以外入りません
const apple: 'apple' = 'apple'
let clothSize :'small'|'medium'|'large' = 'large'

10:typeエイリアス

型を変数に入れるイメージ
type ClothSize = 'small' | 'medium' | 'large'
let clothSize: ClothSize = 'large'

11:関数に型を付ける

戻り値は型推論されるが、引数はされない
function add(num1: number, num2: number): number {
  return num1 + num2;
}

12:戻り値void

function say(): void {
  console.log("hello");
}

13:関数型

関数を保持する変数に型を付ける
function add(num1: number, num2: number): number {
  return num1 + num2;
}

//anotherAddに型を付けて関数addを代入している
const anotherAdd: (n1: number, n2: number) => number = add;

関数のtype

type IsPositiveFunc = (num: number) => boolean
const isPositive: IsPositiveFunc = num => num >= 0;

14:callback関数

function doubleAndHandle(num: number, cb: (num: number) => void): void {
  const doubleNum = cb(num * 2);
  console.log(num * 2);
}

doubleAndHandle(21, (doubleNum) => {
  return doubleNum;
});

15:never

決して何も返さない
function error(message: string):never {
    throw new Error(message);
    // while (true) {
        
    // }
}

17:null undefined

・null 値が欠如している ・undefined 初期化されておらず値が割り振られていない できるだけundefinedを使う

any unknown

・any どんな型でも許容する=全く安全ではない ・unknown どんな型になるのか不明
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