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パスワードなしでSSHする

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Last updated at Posted at 2024-05-21

いつも忘れるので。

前提

  • 以下で読み替えてください。
項目 値
ユーザ名 kanno
サーバ名 messiah

手順

  1. ローカルマシン上で、公開鍵と秘密鍵を作る。

    kanno@HORIZON:~$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
    Generating public/private rsa key pair.
    Enter file in which to save the key (/home/kanno/.ssh/id_rsa):
    Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
    Enter same passphrase again:
    Your identification has been saved in /home/kanno/.ssh/id_rsa
    Your public key has been saved in /home/kanno/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
    The key fingerprint is:
    SHA256:tTP9FC9XKhhUA+tOOfzqk8r6Q6Bz3cBtFiruaLkS0pk kanno@HORIZON
    The key's randomart image is:
    +---[RSA 3072]----+
    |          ooo    |
    |         ... .   |
    |       . o+.  . .|
    |      o +++*   +.|
    | . o o +S=@ o + o|
    |. E o o oo.= + o |
    | . . * .  ... .  |
    |  . + ... o.     |
    |   o...o++o.     |
    +----[SHA256]-----+
    kanno@HORIZON:~$
    
  2. 公開鍵と秘密鍵が作られていることを確認する。

    kanno@HORIZON:~$ ls ~/.ssh
    合計 28
    drwx------  2 kanno kanno 4096  5月 20 17:23 .
    drwxr-x--- 11 kanno kanno 4096  2月 18  2023 ..
    -rw-------  1 kanno kanno 2602  5月 21 16:10 id_rsa
    -rw-------  1 kanno kanno  567  5月 21 16:10 id_rsa.pub
    -rw-------  1 kanno kanno 4196  5月 20 17:53 known_hosts
    kanno@HORIZON:~$
    
  3. 公開鍵をサーバへ登録する。

    kanno@HORIZON:~$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub kanno@messiah
    /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/home/kanno/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
    /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
    /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
    kanno@messiah's password:
    
    Number of key(s) added: 1
    
    Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'kanno@messiah'"
    and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
    
    kanno@HORIZON:~$
    
  4. 秘密鍵を使って、パスワードなしでSSHする接続する。

    kanno@HORIZON:~$ ssh -i ./.ssh/id_rsa kanno@messiah
    Welcome to Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 6.8.0-31-generic x86_64)
    
     * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
     * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
     * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/pro
    
    Expanded Security Maintenance for Applicationsが無効化されています。
    
    0のアップデートはすぐに適用されます。
    
    ESM Appsを有効化すると、さらに追加のセキュリティアップデートを適用できます。
    https://ubuntu.com/esm を参照するか、次のコマンドを実行してください: sudo pro status
    
    Last login: Tue May 21 16:06:58 2024 from 192.168.100.20
    kanno@messiah:~$
    

以上。

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