vagrantでrailsの環境を構築

バージョン確認

$ vagrant -v

vagrant boxの追加

$ vagrant box add <box名> <url>
$ vagrant box list

仮想マシーンの作成

# Vagrantfileの初期化
$ vagarnt init <box名>

# Vagrantfileの編集
$ vi Vagrantfile
# ========================================================================
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "centos/7"
  config.vm.box_version = "2004.01" # バージョンの指定（必要なら）

  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  # config.vm.box_check_update = false

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
  config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 3000, host: 3000 # railsのデフォルトのポートを開ける

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
  # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"

  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks makqe the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network.
  # config.vm.network "public_network"

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"
  config.vm.synced_folder "./data", "/home/vagrant/data", create:"true" # マウントするファイルの設定

  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  # Example for VirtualBox:
  #
  # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  #   vb.gui = true
  #
  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  #   vb.memory = "2048" # メモリの設定
  # end
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.

  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   apt-get update
  #   apt-get install -y apache2
  # SHELL

# ========================================================================

# 仮想マシーン起動
$ vagrant up

# 仮想マシーンへssh
$ vagrant ssh

vagrantについてその他

Vagrantで立ち上げた仮想環境にIPアドレスを振ってsshでログインする

vagrantコマンド

# sshの設定
$ vagrant ssh-config
Host default
  HostName 127.0.0.1
  User vagrant
  Port 2222
  UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null
  StrictHostKeyChecking no
  PasswordAuthentication no
  IdentityFile xxxxxxx/vagrant/.vagrant/machines/default/virtualbox/private_key
  IdentitiesOnly yes
  LogLevel FATAL

仮想マシーンのip確認

# vagrantが起動しているか確認
$ vagrant status
Current machine states:

default                   running (virtualbox)

The VM is running. To stop this VM, you can run `vagrant halt` to
shut it down forcefully, or you can run `vagrant suspend` to simply
suspend the virtual machine. In either case, to restart it again,
simply run `vagrant up`.

# リッスンしているポートの確認
$ sudo lsof -i -P | grep "LISTEN"

# ホスト側
$ ifconfig
vboxnet1: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
	ether 0a:00:27:00:00:01
	inet 192.168.44.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.44.255

# ゲスト側
$ ifconfig
eth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.44.10  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.44.255
        inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fecc:1bf5  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 08:00:27:cc:1b:f5  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 13  bytes 1102 (1.0 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

centosの設定

ロケールの設定

$ sudo -s
# localectl
   System Locale: LANG=en_US.UTF-8
       VC Keymap: us
      X11 Layout: n/a
# localectl set-locale LANG=ja_JP.utf8　# 設定ファイルの変更
# cat /etc/locale.conf # ロケールの設定ファイル
LANG=ja_JP.utf8
# localectl
   System Locale: LANG=ja_JP.utf8
       VC Keymap: us
      X11 Layout: n/a

日本語のlocateがないとき

キーボードの設定

$ sudo -s
# localectl
   System Locale: LANG=ja_JP.utf8
       VC Keymap: us
      X11 Layout: n/a
# localectl list-keymaps
# localectl set-keymap jp106
# cat /etc/vconsole.conf
KEYMAP=ja106
FONT=latarcyrheb-sun16
# localectl
System Locale: LANG=ja_JP.utf8
       VC Keymap: ja106
      X11 Layout: n/a

時間の設定

$ sudo -s
# timedatectl
Local time: Sat 2020-10-03 12:05:54 UTC
  Universal time: Sat 2020-10-03 12:05:54 UTC
        RTC time: Sat 2020-10-03 09:12:45
       Time zone: UTC (UTC, +0000)
     NTP enabled: yes
NTP synchronized: yes
 RTC in local TZ: no
      DST active: n/a
# timedatectl list-timezones
# timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Tokyo
# timedatectl
      Local time: Sat 2020-10-03 21:11:51 JST
  Universal time: Sat 2020-10-03 12:11:51 UTC
        RTC time: Sat 2020-10-03 09:18:42
       Time zone: Asia/Tokyo (JST, +0900)
     NTP enabled: yes
NTP synchronized: yes
 RTC in local TZ: no
      DST active: n/a 

yum update

$ sudo yum -y update

mysql8.0

rmp、yumコマンドについて

rpm と yum を今更理解したい-Qiita
よく使うrpmコマンドまとめ-Qiita
【初心者にもわかる】rpmとyumの違いと使い分け一通り

mysqlダウンロードリンク

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/file/?id=484922
のダウンロードリンクをコピー↓
https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

mysqlインストール

$ sudo -s
# パッケージの更新(mysql8.0)
# rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

# インストール出来るmysqlの確認
# yum info mysql-community-server

# yum -y install mysql-community-server
# mysqld --version
/usr/sbin/mysqld  Ver 8.0.21 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

mysqlの起動

# systemctl start mysqld
# systemctl status mysqld
# systemctl enable mysqld

# 自動起動設定の確認
# systemctl -t service is-enabled mysqld
enabled

mysqlの設定

# 初期設定パスワードの取得
# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
2020-10-03T14:07:32.076975Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: lT3a/31Hm8qD

# セキュリティの初期設定
# mysql_secure_installation

# rootでログイン
# mysql -u root -p

# パスワード変更
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'パスワード';

# rootでpasswordなしでログイン出来るように設定
# vi /etc/my.cnf
# ===================================
# 追記する
[client]
user=root
password=rootパスワード
# ===================================

# mysql -u root
# パスワードの設定確認
mysql> show variables like 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                        | Value  |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password.check_user_name    | ON     |
| validate_password.dictionary_file    |        |
| validate_password.length             | 8      |
| validate_password.mixed_case_count   | 1      |
| validate_password.number_count       | 1      |
| validate_password.policy             | MEDIUM |
| validate_password.special_char_count | 1      |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
# キャラセットの確認
mysql> show variables like "chara%";
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                          |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_database   | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                         |
| character_set_results    | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_server     | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_system     | utf8                           |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql-8.0/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+

# パスワードの設定変更
$ sudo -s
# vi /etc/my.conf
# ================================================
[mysqld]
validate_password_length=4
validate_password_policy=LOW
# ================================================
# mysql再起動してパスワードの設定変更

gitのインストール(download a tarball)

yumだと最新版がインストール出来ないのでhttps://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/
からダウンロード

wget
wgetでこういう時はこうする!!-Qiita

tar
Linux tar.gz tar 圧縮 解凍-Qiita

$ sudo -s

# gitが入ってないことを確認
# yum list installed | grep git
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
crontabs.noarch                    1.11-6.20121102git.el7     @anaconda
hyperv-daemons.x86_64              0-0.34.20180415git.el7     @anaconda
hyperv-daemons-license.noarch      0-0.34.20180415git.el7     @anaconda
hypervfcopyd.x86_64                0-0.34.20180415git.el7     @anaconda
hypervkvpd.x86_64                  0-0.34.20180415git.el7     @anaconda
hypervvssd.x86_64                  0-0.34.20180415git.el7     @anaconda
linux-firmware.noarch              20191203-76.gite8a0f4c.el7 @anaconda
net-tools.x86_64                   2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7   @BASE 

# インストールに適切な場所に移動
# cd /usr/local/src/

# サイトから Git の圧縮ファイルをダウンロード
# yum -y install wget
# wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.27.0.tar.gz
# もしくは
# yum -y install curl-devel
# sudo curl -LkvOf https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.27.0.tar.gz

# ファイルの解凍
# tar -zxvf git-2.27.0.tar.gz

# tar.gzの削除
# rm -rf git-2.27.0.tar.gz

# make コマンドでインストール
# cd git-2.27.0/
# make prefix=/usr/local all

# エラーでつまずくのでその都度必要なパッケージを入れる
# make: curl-config: Command not found
# yum -y install curl-devel

# git-compat-util.h:297:25: fatal error: openssl/ssl.h: No such file or directory
# yum -y install openssl-devel

# http-push.c:22:19: fatal error: expat.h: No such file or directory
# yum -y install expat-devel

# make prefix=/usr/local install

# gitがインストールされたか確認
# exit
$ git --version
git version 2.27.0
$ which git
/usr/local/bin/git

rbenvのインストール

/etc/profile.dについて

exportコマンド

PATHについて

「PATH を通す」の意味をできるだけわかりやすく説明する試み-Qiita

eavlコマンド

sourceコマンド

$ su -
# cd /usr/local/
# git clone git://github.com/sstephenson/rbenv.git rbenv
# vi /etc/profile.d/rbenv.sh
###################################
export RBENV_ROOT=/usr/local/rbenv
export PATH="$RBENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(rbenv init -)"
###################################

# git clone git://github.com/sstephenson/ruby-build.git /usr/local/rbenv/plugins/ruby-build
# source /etc/profile.d/rbenv.sh
# rbenv -v
rbenv 1.1.2-34-g0843745
# which rbenv
/usr/local/rbenv/bin/rbenv
# rbenv install --list-all

# rubyのインストール(足りないパッケージはその都度インストールする)
# rubyのインストールはrootで行う。/usr/local/rbenv/versions/2.6.3に書き込むため、パーミッションエラーになるため
# rbenv install 2.6.3
# rbenv global 2.6.3
# ruby -v
ruby 2.6.3p62 (2019-04-16 revision 67580) [x86_64-linux]
# which ruby
/usr/local/rbenv/shims/ruby

# bundlerのインストール
# rbenv exec gem install bundler