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Androidで世界座標系の加速度と方位を取得する

Last updated at Posted at 2017-02-02

はじめに

加速度センサー値の取得、世界座標系での傾き取得までは割りと情報がありますが、加速度の世界座標系への変換に関する記述があまりなかったので、まとめておきます。(英語ならある程度あったけれど)

解説

ローパスフィルタで重力加速度の取得

地磁気センサーもノイズ除去のためにローパスに通してます。

switch(event.sensor.getType()) {
    case Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER:
        rawacc = event.values.clone();
        lowpassFilter(grav, rawacc);
        break;


    case Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD:
        lowpassFilter(mag, event.values.clone());
        break;


    default:
        return;
}


...


private void lowpassFilter(float[] vecPrev, float[] vecNew) {
    for (int i=0; i<vecNew.length; i++) {
        vecPrev[i] = alpha * vecPrev[i] + (1-alpha) * vecNew[i];
    }
}

回転行列の取得、世界座標系での傾きの取得

重力加速度ベクトルgrav、地磁気ベクトルmagより、回転行列Rを求めます。
傾きは、SensorManager#getOrientationで取得できます。単位は[rad]

float[] R = new float[MATRIX_SIZE];
float[] I = new float[MATRIX_SIZE];
float[] rR = new float[MATRIX_SIZE];
float[] oriRad = new float[3];
SensorManager.getRotationMatrix(R, I, grav, mag);
SensorManager.remapCoordinateSystem(R, SensorManager.AXIS_X, SensorManager.AXIS_Z, rR);
SensorManager.getOrientation(rR, oriRad);
ori = rad2deg(oriRad);

世界座標系へ変換

まず瞬時値から重力加速度を引きます。

float[] accNoGrav = new float[4];
for (int i=0; i<3; i++) accNoGrav[i] = rawacc[i] - grav[i];

回転行列の逆行列を求めます。android.opengl.Matrix#invertMが使えるみたいです。

float[] invertR = new float[16];
Matrix.invertM(invertR, 0, R, 0);

それぞれをかけます。こちらも、android.opengl.Matrix#multiplyMVが使えます。
ただし、SensorEventListener#onSensorChangedevent.valuesでもらえるベクトルが3次元なのに対し、回転行列Rの次元が4x4なので、次元をあわせるのに注意が必要です。

float[] acc4 = new float[4];
Matrix.multiplyMV(acc4, 0, invertR, 0, accNoGrav, 0);


for (int i=0; i<3; i++) acc[i] = acc4[i];

以上です。

コード全体

SenserMonitorExample.java
package com.example.example;


import android.content.Context;
import android.hardware.Sensor;
import android.hardware.SensorEvent;
import android.hardware.SensorEventListener;
import android.hardware.SensorManager;
import android.opengl.Matrix;




public class SensorMonitorExample implements SensorEventListener {


    private Context context;
    private SensorManager mSensorManager;


    private static final float alpha = 0.8f;
    private static final int MATRIX_SIZE = 16;
    private static final int SENSOR_DELAY = SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_FASTEST;


    private float[] rawacc = new float[3];
    private float[] acc  = new float[3];
    private float[] grav = new float[3];
    private float[] mag  = new float[3];
    private float[] ori  = new float[3];


    public SensorMonitorExample(Context context, int interval) {
        this.context = context;
        this.mSensorManager = (SensorManager) context.getSystemService(Context.SENSOR_SERVICE);
    }




    public void start() {
        mSensorManager.registerListener(this, mSensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER),  SENSOR_DELAY);
        mSensorManager.registerListener(this, mSensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD), SENSOR_DELAY);
    }


    public void stop() {
        mSensorManager.unregisterListener(this);
    }


    @Override
    public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int accuracy) {}


    @Override
    public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event) {
        switch(event.sensor.getType()) {
            case Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER:
                rawacc = event.values.clone();
                lowpassFilter(grav, rawacc);
                break;


            case Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD:
                lowpassFilter(mag, event.values.clone());
                break;


            default:
                return;
        }


        if (rawacc != null && mag != null) {
            float[] R  = new float[MATRIX_SIZE];
            float[] I  = new float[MATRIX_SIZE];
            float[] rR = new float[MATRIX_SIZE];
            float[] oriRad = new float[3];
            SensorManager.getRotationMatrix(R, I, grav, mag);
            SensorManager.remapCoordinateSystem(R, SensorManager.AXIS_X, SensorManager.AXIS_Z, rR);
            SensorManager.getOrientation(rR, oriRad);


            ori = rad2deg(oriRad);


            float[] accNoGrav = new float[4];
            for (int i=0; i<3; i++) accNoGrav[i] = rawacc[i] - grav[i];


            float[] invertR = new float[16];
            Matrix.invertM(invertR, 0, R, 0);


            float[] acc4 = new float[4];
            Matrix.multiplyMV(acc4, 0, invertR, 0, accNoGrav, 0);


            for (int i=0; i<3; i++) acc[i] = acc4[i];
        }
    }


    private void lowpassFilter(float[] vecPrev, float[] vecNew) {
        for (int i=0; i<vecNew.length; i++) {
            vecPrev[i] = alpha * vecPrev[i] + (1-alpha) * vecNew[i];
        }
    }


    private float[] rad2deg(float[] vec) {
        int VEC_SIZE = vec.length;
        float[] retvec = new float[VEC_SIZE];
        for (int i=0; i<VEC_SIZE; i++) {
            retvec[i] = vec[i]/(float)Math.PI*180;
        }
        return retvec;
    }
}
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