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ベクトルの大きさと向き

Last updated at Posted at 2015-08-24

ベクトルの大きさ

ベクトルの大きさ(長さ)は、三平方の定理(ピタゴラスの定理)を使って求めることができる。また、ベクトルvの大きさは |v| と表記する。

vec2len.gif

|v| = \sqrt{a² + b²}

ベクトルの向き

vec2direction.gif

ベクトルv=(a,b)の向きとx軸の正の方向がなす角をθとする。ここで三角関数の定義を思い出して欲しい。三角関数の定義と上図を照らし合わせると、θ,a,bの関係が次式で表せることがわかる。

cos(θ) = \frac{a}{|v|} = \frac{a}{\sqrt{a² + b²}} \\
sin(θ) = \frac{b}{|v|} = \frac{b}{\sqrt{a² + b²}}

三角関数の定義 ![sincos.gif](https://qiita-image-store.s3.amazonaws.com/0/90023/91ce8875-5663-8e4d-7519-e150ac4b6365.gif "sincos.gif")
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