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@orakurara

OCI Compute上のLinux仮想マシンにMySQLをインストールしてみた

Posted at
  • Oracle MySQL Database Serviceの使い方メモ〜番外編
  • Oracle Linux 8/7(CentOS7)とMySQL Community Server 8.0/5.7の組合わせで手こずったのでその忘備録

はじめに

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Compute ServiceでORACLE標準イメージとして提供されているOracle LinuxとCentOS上にMySQL Community Serverをインストールする手順をまとめました。Oracle Linux 8/7(CentOS7)とMySQL Community Server 8.0/5.7の組合わせで確認しています。

インストール・コマンドまとめ

詳細な手順の説明の前にそれぞれの組み合わせの際のインストール・コマンドをまとめました。リポジトリの確認等のコマンドは省略しています。

Oracle Linux 8.2

検証環境

Oracle Linux Server release 8.2
MySQL Ver 8.0.22
MySQL Ver 5.7.32

MySQL 8.0のインストール

$ sudo rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
$ sudo dnf module disable mysql mariadb
$ sudo dnf install mysql-community-server
$ sudo systemctl start mysqld
$ sudo cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
$ mysql_secure_installation

MySQL 5.7のインストール

$ sudo rpm -Uvh https://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
$ sudo dnf config-manager --disable mysql56-community
$ sudo dnf config-manager --enable mysql57-community
$ sudo dnf module disable mysql mariadb
$ sudo dnf install mysql-community-server
$ sudo systemctl start mysqld
$ sudo cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
$ mysql_secure_installation

Oracle Linux 7.9 / CentOS Linux 7.8

検証環境

Oracle Linux Server release 7.9
CentOS Linux release 7.8
MySQL Ver 8.0.22
MySQL Ver 5.7.32

MySQL 8.0のインストール

$ sudo rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
$ sudo yum install mysql-community-server
$ sudo systemctl start mysqld
$ sudo cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
$ mysql_secure_installation

MySQL 5.7のインストール

$ sudo rpm -Uvh https://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
$ sudo yum-config-manager --disable mysql56-community
$ sudo yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community
$ sudo yum install mysql-community-server
$ sudo systemctl start mysqld
$ sudo cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
$ mysql_secure_installation

インストール手順詳細

Oracle Linux 8.2上にMySQL 8.0をインストールした場合の実行ログをもとに詳細な手順を確認していきます。RHEL8.0で登場したdnf(yum) コマンドを使いました1。OCI Compute Serviceで作成した仮想マシンのORACLE提供イメージのOSバージョンから確認していきます。

$ cat /etc/oracle-release
Oracle Linux Server release 8.2

次に、Oracle Linux 8に対応したMySQL 8.0のRPMファイルをインストールします。Yumのリポジトリは下記にあります。
MySQL Community Downloads - MySQL Yum Repository

$ sudo rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm

有効になっているリポジトリを確認します。

$ sudo dnf repolist all
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
repo id                            repo name                                     status
ksplice-uptrack                    Ksplice Uptrack for Oracle Linux              disabled
mysql-cluster-8.0-community        MySQL Cluster 8.0 Community                   disabled
mysql-cluster-8.0-community-source MySQL Cluster 8.0 Community - Source          disabled
mysql-connectors-community         MySQL Connectors Community                    enabled
mysql-connectors-community-source  MySQL Connectors Community - Source           disabled
mysql-tools-community              MySQL Tools Community                         enabled
mysql-tools-community-source       MySQL Tools Community - Source                disabled
mysql-tools-preview                MySQL Tools Preview                           disabled
mysql-tools-preview-source         MySQL Tools Preview - Source                  disabled
mysql80-community                  MySQL 8.0 Community Server                    enabled
mysql80-community-source           MySQL 8.0 Community Server - Source           disabled
ol8_UEKR6                          Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release  enabled
ol8_UEKR6_RDMA                     Oracle Linux 8 UEK6 RDMA (x86_64)             disabled
ol8_addons                         Oracle Linux 8 Addons (x86_64)                enabled
ol8_appstream                      Oracle Linux 8 Application Stream (x86_64)    enabled
ol8_baseos_latest                  Oracle Linux 8 BaseOS Latest (x86_64)         enabled
ol8_codeready_builder              Oracle Linux 8 CodeReady Builder (x86_64) - U disabled
ol8_developer                      Oracle Linux 8 Development Packages (x86_64)  disabled
ol8_developer_EPEL                 Oracle Linux 8 EPEL Packages for Development  disabled
ol8_developer_UEKR6                Developer Preview of UEK Release 6 (x86_64)   disabled
ol8_ksplice                        Ksplice for Oracle Linux 8 (x86_64)           enabled
ol8_oci                            Oracle Linux 8 OCI Packages (x86_64)          enabled
ol8_oci_included                   Oracle Software for OCI users on Oracle Linux enabled
ol8_u0_baseos_base                 Oracle Linux 8 BaseOS GA (x86_64)             disabled
ol8_u1_baseos_base                 Oracle Linux 8.1 BaseOS (x86_64)              disabled
ol8_u2_baseos_base                 Oracle Linux 8.2 BaseOS (x86_64)              disabled

デフォルトで設定されているMySQLとMarinaDBのモジュールを無効化します。

$ sudo dnf module disable mysql mariadb

下記のコマンドでインストールするパッケージのバージョンなどを確認します。

$ sudo dnf info mysql-community-server
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:02 ago on Sun Nov 15 11:00:21 2020.
Available Packages
Name         : mysql-community-server
Version      : 8.0.22
Release      : 1.el8
Architecture : x86_64
Size         : 53 M
Source       : mysql-community-8.0.22-1.el8.src.rpm
Repository   : mysql80-community
Summary      : A very fast and reliable SQL database server
URL          : http://www.mysql.com/
License      : Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Under GPLv2
             : license as shown in the Description field.
Description  : The MySQL(TM) software delivers a very fast, multi-threaded, multi-user,
             : and robust SQL (Structured Query Language) database server. MySQL Server
             : is intended for mission-critical, heavy-load production systems as well
             : as for embedding into mass-deployed software. MySQL is a trademark of
             : Oracle and/or its affiliates
             : 
             : The MySQL software has Dual Licensing, which means you can use the MySQL
             : software free of charge under the GNU General Public License
             : (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/). You can also purchase commercial MySQL
             : licenses from Oracle and/or its affiliates if you do not wish to be bound
             : by the terms of the GPL. See the chapter "Licensing and Support" in the
             : manual for further info.
             : 
             : The MySQL web site (http://www.mysql.com/) provides the latest news and
             : information about the MySQL software.  Also please see the documentation
             : and the manual for more information.
             : 
             : This package includes the MySQL server binary as well as related utilities
             : to run and administer a MySQL server.

問題なければ下記コマンドでインストールを行ってください。

$ sudo dnf install mysql-community-server

インストールが完了したら下記コマンドでMySQLのバージョンを確認します。

$ mysqld --version
/usr/sbin/mysqld  Ver 8.0.22 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

MySQLを起動しましょう。

$ sudo systemctl start mysqld
$ sudo systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disab>
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2020-11-15 11:03:45 GMT; 9s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 37102 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 37178 (mysqld)
   Status: "Server is operational"
    Tasks: 38 (limit: 48672)
   Memory: 458.6M
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─37178 /usr/sbin/mysqld

Nov 15 11:03:36 iaasmysql systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Nov 15 11:03:45 iaasmysql systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

MySQLの初回起動時に/var/log/mysqld.logにrootユーザーの初期パスワードが記録されます。ファイルにアクセスし、パスワードの記述箇所を検索します。

$ sudo cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
2020-11-15T11:03:41.974831Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: PASSWORD

パスワードの再設定等、セキュリティ関連の初期設定を行うためにmysql_secure_installationを実行します。mysql_secure_installationの設定内容をStep-by-Stepで確認しています。
はじめに、mysql_secure_installationを起動した際は、rootユーザーの初期パスワードを聞かれるので入力して起動します。/var/log/mysqld.logで確認したパスワードを利用します。また、rootパスワードが期限切れになっていると言われるので新しいパスワードを設定します。確認のため2回入力が必要です。

$ mysql_secure_installation

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Enter password for user root: 

The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.

New password: 

Re-enter new password: 
The 'validate_password' component is installed on the server.
The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration
of the component.
Using existing password for root.

Estimated strength of the password: 100

さらにroot ユーザーのパスワードを変更するか聞かれます。ここでも確認のため2回入力する必要があります。

Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y

New password: 

Re-enter new password: 

Estimated strength of the password: 100 
Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y

匿名ユーザーを削除するか聞かれるので、yを入力し匿名ユーザーを削除します。

By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.

リモートからの rootユーザーのアクセスを禁止するか聞かれるので、yを入力しリモートアクセスを禁止します。

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.

テストデータベースを削除するか聞かれるので、yを入力し削除します。

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.


Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
 - Dropping test database...
Success.

 - Removing privileges on test database...
Success.

最後に権限の変更を更新するか聞かれるので、yを入力し更新します

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.

All done!

MySQLクライアントからアクセスできることを確認します。

$ mysql -u root mysql -p
Enter password: 
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 13
Server version: 8.0.22 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

関連情報

MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual 2.5 Installing MySQL on Linux
MySQL 5.6 リファレンスマニュアル 2.5 Linux に MySQL をインストールする

  1. Oracle® Linux 8リリース・ノートfor Oracle Linux 8 付録A DNFとのYumバージョン3の比較 ↩

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