Linux OSの種類とバージョンの調べ方

このマシンのＯＳなんだっけ。
そんな時は、何も考えず下記のコマンドをコピペ実行！
CentOSでもRedHat EnterpriseでもUbuntu、Alpine、Fedore、Debian、SUSE Linux、Solarisでも問題なし！(たぶん。)

■コマンド

$ grep -H "" /etc/*version ; grep -H "" /etc/*release

なお、 grep -H "" /etc/{*version,*release}だと上手くDebian7の環境で{}のワイルドカードが正しく動作しなかった。。

■こんな長いコマンド覚えられない!

覚えなくてOK。
要は
cat /etc/*release
cat /etc/*version
すればどんなＯＳか分かるということです。

■動作確認済み

■CentOS6.9

$ grep -H "" /etc/*version ; grep -H "" /etc/*release
grep: /etc/*version: そのようなファイルやディレクトリはありません
/etc/centos-release:CentOS release 6.9 (Final)
/etc/redhat-release:CentOS release 6.9 (Final)
/etc/system-release:CentOS release 6.9 (Final)

■Debian7

$ grep -H "" /etc/*version ; grep -H "" /etc/*release
/etc/debian_version:7.11
/etc/os-release:PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 7 (wheezy)"
/etc/os-release:NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
/etc/os-release:VERSION_ID="7"
/etc/os-release:VERSION="7 (wheezy)"
/etc/os-release:ID=debian
/etc/os-release:ANSI_COLOR="1;31"
/etc/os-release:HOME_URL="http://www.debian.org/"
/etc/os-release:SUPPORT_URL="http://www.debian.org/support/"
/etc/os-release:BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.debian.org/"

■Raspbian8の場合

$ grep -H "" /etc/*version ; grep -H "" /etc/*release
/etc/debian_version:8.0
/etc/os-release:PRETTY_NAME="Raspbian GNU/Linux 8 (jessie)"
/etc/os-release:NAME="Raspbian GNU/Linux"
/etc/os-release:VERSION_ID="8"
/etc/os-release:VERSION="8 (jessie)"
/etc/os-release:ID=raspbian
/etc/os-release:ID_LIKE=debian
/etc/os-release:HOME_URL="http://www.raspbian.org/"
/etc/os-release:SUPPORT_URL="http://www.raspbian.org/RaspbianForums"
/etc/os-release:BUG_REPORT_URL="http://www.raspbian.org/RaspbianBugs"

■Ubuntu 14

$ grep -H "" /etc/*version ; grep -H "" /etc/*release
/etc/debian_version:jessie/sid
/etc/lsb-release:DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
/etc/lsb-release:DISTRIB_RELEASE=14.04
/etc/lsb-release:DISTRIB_CODENAME=trusty
/etc/lsb-release:DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS"
/etc/os-release:NAME="Ubuntu"
/etc/os-release:VERSION="14.04.5 LTS, Trusty Tahr"
/etc/os-release:ID=ubuntu
/etc/os-release:ID_LIKE=debian
/etc/os-release:PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS"
/etc/os-release:VERSION_ID="14.04"
/etc/os-release:HOME_URL="http://www.ubuntu.com/"
/etc/os-release:SUPPORT_URL="http://help.ubuntu.com/"
/etc/os-release:BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"

■Alpine 3.9

/usr/src/app # grep -H "" /etc/*version ; grep -H "" /etc/*release
grep: /etc/*version: No such file or directory
/etc/alpine-release:3.9.4
/etc/os-release:NAME="Alpine Linux"
/etc/os-release:ID=alpine
/etc/os-release:VERSION_ID=3.9.4
/etc/os-release:PRETTY_NAME="Alpine Linux v3.9"
/etc/os-release:HOME_URL="https://alpinelinux.org/"
/etc/os-release:BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.alpinelinux.org/"

■参考

CentOS、UbuntuなどLinux OSのバージョン確認をするコマンド | UX MILK http://uxmilk.jp/13610
LinuxのOSバージョン情報を確認する http://uguisu.skr.jp/Windows/linux_os_version.html
Solarisのバージョンを確認する方法 - ablog http://d.hatena.ne.jp/yohei-a/20090626/1246023366