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JavaScriptのreduce関数を理解する

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reduce関数とは

reduce関数は、配列の各要素に対して累積的な計算を行い、単一の値に畳み込む(=reduce)ための関数。つまり、配列全体を1つの値にまとめあげるための関数。

基本的な構文

array.reduce((accumulator, currentValue, currentIndex, array) => {
    //処理
}, initialValue);

各パラメータの意味

  • accumulator: 前回のreduceの実行結果が保持される値。初回はinitialValueが入る。
  • currentValue: 現在処理中の配列の要素。
  • currentIndex: 現在処理中の配列のインデックス。(省略可)
  • array: reduceが実行されている配列。(省略可)
  • initialValue: accumulatorの初期値。省略すると配列の最初の要素が使用され、currentValueは2番目の要素から始まる。

使用例

配列内の数値の合計を計算する

const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const sum = numbers.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => {
    return accumulator + currentValue;
}, 0);

console.log(sum);  // 15

配列のフラット化

const nestedArray = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]];
const flatArray = nestedArray.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => {
    return accumulator.concat(currentValue);
}, []);

console.log(flatArray);  // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

値の出現回数をカウント

const fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'apple', 'orange', 'banana', 'apple'];
const fruitCount = fruits.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => {
  if (accumulator[currentValue]) {
    accumulator[currentValue] += 1;
  } else {
    accumulator[currentValue] = 1;
  }
  return accumulator;
}, {});

console.log(fruitCount);  // { apple: 3, banana: 2, orange: 1 }

オブジェクトのグルーピング

const people = [
  { name: 'Alice', age: 21 },
  { name: 'Bob', age: 25 },
  { name: 'Charlie', age: 21 },
  { name: 'David', age: 25 },
  { name: 'Eve', age: 30 }
];

const groupedByAge = people.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => {
  const age = currentValue.age;
  if (!accumulator[age]) {
    accumulator[age] = [];
  }
  accumulator[age].push(currentValue);
  return accumulator;
}, {});

console.log(groupedByAge);
/*
{
  '21': [
    { name: 'Alice', age: 21 },
    { name: 'Charlie', age: 21 }
  ],
  '25': [
    { name: 'Bob', age: 25 },
    { name: 'David', age: 25 }
  ],
  '30': [
    { name: 'Eve', age: 30 }
  ]
}
*/

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