バージョン
| 名前 | バージョン |
|---|---|
| macOS | 10.13.6 |
| ruby | 2.3.7p456 (2018-03-28 revision 63024) [universal.x86_64-darwin17] |
| rails | 5.2.3 |
コメントでご指摘あったように、問題そのものは Rails とは関係ないです。
起きたエラー内容
$ bundle exec rails new ../sample
create
create README.md
create Rakefile
create .ruby-version
create config.ru
create .gitignore
create Gemfile
(略)
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/............
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.
Resolving dependencies...
Fetching rake 12.3.2
Your user account isn't allowed to install to the system RubyGems.
You can cancel this installation and run:
bundle install --path vendor/bundle
to install the gems into ./vendor/bundle/, or you can enter your password
and install the bundled gems to RubyGems using sudo.
Password:
Installing rake 12.3.2
Fetching concurrent-ruby 1.1.5
Installing concurrent-ruby 1.1.5
(略)
Fetching coffee-rails 4.2.2
Installing coffee-rails 4.2.2
Fetching ffi 1.11.0
Installing ffi 1.11.0 with native extensions
Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
current directory: /private/var/folders/_h/xgr__5xn3kscjx0f8m7v3qbr0000gn/T/bundler20190519-47252-1smbwrlffi-1.11.0/gems/ffi-1.11.0/ext/ffi_c
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20190519-47252-1at7a63.rb extconf.rb
checking for ffi.h... no
checking for ffi.h in /usr/local/include,/usr/include/ffi... yes
checking for ffi_call() in -lffi... yes
checking for ffi_closure_alloc()... no
checking for shlwapi.h... no
checking for rb_thread_call_without_gvl()... yes
checking for ruby_native_thread_p()... yes
checking for ruby_thread_has_gvl_p()... yes
creating extconf.h
creating Makefile
To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:
/var/folders/_h/xgr__5xn3kscjx0f8m7v3qbr0000gn/T/bundler20190519-47252-1smbwrlffi-1.11.0/extensions/universal-darwin-17/2.3.0/ffi-1.11.0/mkmf.log
current directory: /private/var/folders/_h/xgr__5xn3kscjx0f8m7v3qbr0000gn/T/bundler20190519-47252-1smbwrlffi-1.11.0/gems/ffi-1.11.0/ext/ffi_c
make "DESTDIR=" clean
current directory: /private/var/folders/_h/xgr__5xn3kscjx0f8m7v3qbr0000gn/T/bundler20190519-47252-1smbwrlffi-1.11.0/gems/ffi-1.11.0/ext/ffi_c
make "DESTDIR="
mkdir -p "/private/var/folders/_h/xgr__5xn3kscjx0f8m7v3qbr0000gn/T/bundler20190519-47252-1smbwrlffi-1.11.0/gems/ffi-1.11.0/ext/ffi_c"/libffi-i386; (if [ ! -f
"/private/var/folders/_h/xgr__5xn3kscjx0f8m7v3qbr0000gn/T/bundler20190519-47252-1smbwrlffi-1.11.0/gems/ffi-1.11.0/ext/ffi_c/libffi"/configure ]; then echo "Running autoreconf for libffi"; cd
"/private/var/folders/_h/xgr__5xn3kscjx0f8m7v3qbr0000gn/T/bundler20190519-47252-1smbwrlffi-1.11.0/gems/ffi-1.11.0/ext/ffi_c/libffi" && /bin/sh
/private/var/folders/_h/xgr__5xn3kscjx0f8m7v3qbr0000gn/T/bundler20190519-47252-1smbwrlffi-1.11.0/gems/ffi-1.11.0/ext/ffi_c/libffi/autogen.sh > /dev/null; fi); (if [ ! -f
"/private/var/folders/_h/xgr__5xn3kscjx0f8m7v3qbr0000gn/T/bundler20190519-47252-1smbwrlffi-1.11.0/gems/ffi-1.11.0/ext/ffi_c"/libffi-i386/Makefile ]; then echo "Configuring libffi for i386"; cd
"/private/var/folders/_h/xgr__5xn3kscjx0f8m7v3qbr0000gn/T/bundler20190519-47252-1smbwrlffi-1.11.0/gems/ffi-1.11.0/ext/ffi_c"/libffi-i386 && env CC=" xcrun clang" CFLAGS="-arch i386 " LDFLAGS="-arch i386"
"/private/var/folders/_h/xgr__5xn3kscjx0f8m7v3qbr0000gn/T/bundler20190519-47252-1smbwrlffi-1.11.0/gems/ffi-1.11.0/ext/ffi_c/libffi"/configure --disable-static --with-pic=yes --disable-dependency-tracking --disable-docs
--host=i386-apple-darwin > /dev/null; fi); env MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.4 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make -C
"/private/var/folders/_h/xgr__5xn3kscjx0f8m7v3qbr0000gn/T/bundler20190519-47252-1smbwrlffi-1.11.0/gems/ffi-1.11.0/ext/ffi_c"/libffi-i386
(略)
libtool: link: ranlib .libs/libffi_convenience.a
libtool: link: ( cd ".libs" && rm -f "libffi_convenience.la" && ln -s "../libffi_convenience.la" "libffi_convenience.la" )
/bin/sh ./libtool --tag=CC --mode=link xcrun clang -arch i386 -Wall -fexceptions -no-undefined -version-info `grep -v '^#'
/private/var/folders/_h/xgr__5xn3kscjx0f8m7v3qbr0000gn/T/bundler20190519-47252-1smbwrlffi-1.11.0/gems/ffi-1.11.0/ext/ffi_c/libffi/libtool-version` '-arch' 'i386' -arch i386 -o libffi.la -rpath /usr/local/lib src/prep_cif.lo
src/types.lo src/raw_api.lo src/java_raw_api.lo src/closures.lo src/x86/ffi.lo src/x86/sysv.lo
libtool: link: xcrun clang -dynamiclib -o .libs/libffi.7.dylib src/.libs/prep_cif.o src/.libs/types.o src/.libs/raw_api.o src/.libs/java_raw_api.o src/.libs/closures.o src/x86/.libs/ffi.o src/x86/.libs/sysv.o -arch i386 -arch
i386 -arch i386 -install_name /usr/local/lib/libffi.7.dylib -compatibility_version 9 -current_version 9.0 -Wl,-single_module
ld: warning: The i386 architecture is deprecated for macOS (remove from the Xcode build setting: ARCHS)
Undefined symbols for architecture i386:
"___x86.get_pc_thunk.bx", referenced from:
_ffi_call_i386 in sysv.o
_ffi_closure_raw_SYSV in sysv.o
_ffi_closure_raw_THISCALL in sysv.o
"___x86.get_pc_thunk.dx", referenced from:
_ffi_closure_i386 in sysv.o
_ffi_closure_STDCALL in sysv.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture i386
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make[3]: *** [libffi.la] Error 1
make[2]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: *** [all] Error 2
make: *** ["/private/var/folders/_h/xgr__5xn3kscjx0f8m7v3qbr0000gn/T/bundler20190519-47252-1smbwrlffi-1.11.0/gems/ffi-1.11.0/ext/ffi_c"/libffi-i386/.libs/libffi_convenience.a] Error 2
make failed, exit code 2
Gem files will remain installed in /var/folders/_h/xgr__5xn3kscjx0f8m7v3qbr0000gn/T/bundler20190519-47252-1smbwrlffi-1.11.0/gems/ffi-1.11.0 for inspection.
Results logged to /var/folders/_h/xgr__5xn3kscjx0f8m7v3qbr0000gn/T/bundler20190519-47252-1smbwrlffi-1.11.0/extensions/universal-darwin-17/2.3.0/ffi-1.11.0/gem_make.out
An error occurred while installing ffi (1.11.0), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install ffi -v '1.11.0'` succeeds before bundling.
In Gemfile:
spring-watcher-listen was resolved to 2.0.1, which depends on
listen was resolved to 3.1.5, which depends on
rb-inotify was resolved to 0.10.0, which depends on
ffi
run bundle exec spring binstub --all
bundler: command not found: spring
Install missing gem executables with `bundle install`
$
macOS が 10.13.6 なのがきっといけないのだろうと思うが、そこじゃない場所で解決を試みる。 コメントにて、OS も関係ないとのご指摘。 ld: warning: The i386 architecture is deprecated for macOS (remove from the Xcode build setting: ARCHS) の辺りを調べればいいかもしれないのですが、それはまたの機会に。
解決後に Gemfile.lock を見ると、 ffi の依存指定は一箇所のみで、こうなっていた。
rb-inotify (0.10.0)
ffi (~> 1.0)
ffi (~> 1.0) とあるので、 ffi の 1.x の最新版（当時は 1.11.0 ）を取ろうとして、それがインストールできていない。
解決方法
~> 1.0 ということは 1.11.0 が必要なわけじゃないはずので、 Gemfile を書き換えて、インストールできるバージョンに固定した。（ 1.9.21 は、あくまで例です）
gem 'ffi', '= 1.9.21'
(これは要らないかもしれない) 事前にインストールしておく。
$ sudo gem install ffi -v '1.9.21'
Fetching: ffi-1.9.21.gem (100%)
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Successfully installed ffi-1.9.21
Parsing documentation for ffi-1.9.21
Installing ri documentation for ffi-1.9.21
Done installing documentation for ffi after 3 seconds
1 gem installed
$
で、改めて bundle install
$ bundle install --path vendor/bundle
The dependency tzinfo-data (>= 0) will be unused by any of the platforms Bundler is installing for. Bundler is installing for ruby but the dependency is only for x86-mingw32, x86-mswin32, x64-mingw32, java. To add those platforms to the bundle, run `bundle lock --add-platform x86-mingw32 x86-mswin32 x64-mingw32 java`.
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/............
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.
Resolving dependencies...
Using rake 12.3.2
Using concurrent-ruby 1.1.5
(略)
Using railties 5.2.3
Using coffee-rails 4.2.2
Fetching ffi 1.9.21
Installing ffi 1.9.21 with native extensions
うまくいった
バージョンの選び方
ffi 1.9.21 を選ぶべきだというわけではないのですが、あらかじめ mac 側にインストールしてある可能性（他の ruby プログラムを動かすためにインストールしたことがあった、など）を考えれば、たとえば gem list で調べればインストール可能なバージョンがわかるはず
$ gem list ffi
*** LOCAL GEMS ***
ffi (1.9.21)
public_suffix (3.0.3)
それ以外では、 https://rubygems.org/gems/ffi/versions を見て、一つ前のバージョンの最新を選ぶと良いと思います。今回だと、失敗したのは 1.11.0 なので、 1.10.x の中での最新の 1.10.0 を試す、それでもダメなら 1.9.25 を試す、...を繰り返す、など。
時間がある人は、もちろん原因を特定してそれが解決できる最新のバージョンを選びましょう。