アップグレードできるカーネルを見る
$ apt-cache search linux-generic-lts
linux-generic-lts-utopic - Complete Generic Linux kernel and headers (dummy transitional package)
linux-generic-lts-vivid - Complete Generic Linux kernel and headers (dummy transitional package)
linux-generic-lts-wily - Complete Generic Linux kernel and headers (dummy transitional package)
linux-generic-lts-xenial - Complete Generic Linux kernel and headers (dummy transitional package)
出力されたなかで、適切なものをapt installして再起動すればアップグレードできます。
適切なものを自動で選択してアップグレードする
$ sudo apt install linux-generic-hwe-16.04
更に新しい(本当に最新の)カーネルにアップグレードする
$ apt-cache search 4.15 | grep image
linux-image-4.15.0-1013-azure - Signed kernel image azure
linux-image-4.15.0-1014-azure - Signed kernel image azure
linux-image-4.15.0-13-generic - Linux kernel image for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-4.15.0-13-lowlatency - Linux kernel image for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-4.15.0-15-generic - Linux kernel image for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-4.15.0-15-lowlatency - Linux kernel image for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-4.15.0-20-generic - Signed kernel image generic
linux-image-4.15.0-20-lowlatency - Signed kernel image lowlatency
linux-image-4.15.0-22-generic - Signed kernel image generic
linux-image-4.15.0-22-lowlatency - Signed kernel image lowlatency
linux-image-4.15.0-23-generic - Signed kernel image generic
linux-image-4.15.0-23-lowlatency - Signed kernel image lowlatency
linux-image-4.15.0-24-generic - Signed kernel image generic
linux-image-4.15.0-24-lowlatency - Signed kernel image lowlatency
linux-image-extra-4.15.0-13-generic - Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-extra-4.15.0-15-generic - Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0-1013-azure - Linux kernel image for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0-1014-azure - Linux kernel image for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0-20-generic - Linux kernel image for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0-20-lowlatency - Linux kernel image for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0-22-generic - Linux kernel image for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0-22-lowlatency - Linux kernel image for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0-23-generic - Linux kernel image for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0-23-lowlatency - Linux kernel image for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0-24-generic - Linux kernel image for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0-24-lowlatency - Linux kernel image for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-signed-image-4.15.0-13-generic - Signed kernel image generic
linux-signed-image-4.15.0-13-lowlatency - Signed kernel image lowlatency
linux-signed-image-4.15.0-15-generic - Signed kernel image generic
linux-signed-image-4.15.0-15-lowlatency - Signed kernel image lowlatency
linux-image-4.15.0-1005-azure-edge - Linux kernel image for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-4.15.0-1012-azure - Signed kernel image azure
linux-image-extra-4.15.0-1005-azure-edge - Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0-1012-azure - Linux kernel image for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
この中では一番「linux-image-4.15.0-24-generic」がそれっぽいのですね。しかし、実際にインストールする前に確認しなければならないことが一つあります。
アップグレード前のバージョンのカーネルパッケージ諸々を確認する
$ dpkg -l *4.4.0*
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-========================================-=========================-=========================-=====================================================================================
ii linux-headers-4.4.0-128-generic 4.4.0-128.154 amd64 Linux kernel headers for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-4.4.0-128-generic 4.4.0-128.154 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-4.4.0-128-generic 4.4.0-128.154 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-tools-4.4.0-119-generic 4.4.0-119.143 amd64 Linux kernel version specific tools for version 4.4.0-119
extraはドライバ、headerはヘッダファイル(Cで#include "linux/hoge.h"とか書くやつ)、toolsはperfとかとか、というようなものが入っています。
カーネルのアップグレードとカーネルパッケージ諸々をインストール
まずはカーネルをアップグレードします。
$ sudo apt install linux-image-4.15.0-24-generic -y
再起動して、新しいバージョンのカーネルパッケージ諸々を確認します。
$ dpkg -l *4.15*
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-=====================================================-===============================-===============================-===============================================================================================================
un linux-headers-4.15.0-24-generic <none> <none> (no description available)
ii linux-image-4.15.0-24-generic 4.15.0-24.26~16.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
un linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0-24-generic <none> <none> (no description available)
ii linux-modules-4.15.0-24-generic 4.15.0-24.26~16.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
いれられるものをいれます。
$ sudo apt install linux-headers-4.15.0-24-generic linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0-24-generic linux-modules-4.15.0-24-generic -y
「カーネルを削除しようとしています。これを実行すると起動できなくなります。」といった画面が出たら、Noを選択してください。
installが終了したら、再起動します。
$ sudo rebot