結論
const reg = /^(\d{4}-[01]\d-[0-3]\dT[0-2]\d:[0-5]\d:[0-5]\d\.\d+([+-][0-2]\d:[0-5]\d|Z))$|^(\d{4}-[01]\d-[0-3]\dT[0-2]\d:[0-5]\d:[0-5]\d([+-][0-2]\d:[0-5]\d|Z))$|^(\d{4}-[01]\d-[0-3]\dT[0-2]\d:[0-5]\d([+-][0-2]\d:[0-5]\d|Z))$/
テスト
console.log(reg.test("2022-04-20T11:32:00.000-04:00")) // => true
console.log(reg.test("2022-04-2011:32:00.000-04:00")) // => false
console.log(reg.test("2022-04-20")) // => false
console.log(reg.test("2022-W17-7")) // => false
console.log(reg.test("11:32:00.000-04:00")) // => false
参考