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【Rails】多対多のカテゴリー機能の実装

Posted at

目標

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開発環境

・Ruby: 2.5.7
・Rails: 5.2.4
・Vagrant: 2.2.7
・VirtualBox: 6.1
・OS: macOS Catalina

前提

下記実装済み。

Slim導入
Bootstrap3導入
投稿機能実装
カテゴリー機能実装

実装

1.中間テーブルを作成

ターミナル
$ rails g model BookCategory book_id:integer category_id:integer
ターミナル
$ rails db:migrate
schema.rb
create_table "book_categories", force: :cascade do |t|
  t.integer "book_id"
  t.integer "category_id"
  t.datetime "created_at", null: false
  t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
end

2.カラムを削除

ターミナル
$ rails g migration RemoveCategoryIdFromBooks category_id:integer
~_remove_category_id_from_books
class RemoveCategoryIdFromBooks < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.2]
  def change
    remove_column :books, :category_id, :integer
  end
end
ターミナル
$ rails db:migrate

3.各モデルを編集

book.rb
has_many :book_categories
has_many :categories, through: :book_categories
category.rb
has_many :book_categories
has_many :books, through: :book_categories
book_category.rb
# 追記
belongs_to :book
belongs_to :category

4.コントローラーを編集

books_controller.rbのストロングパラメーターでcategory_idを配列可にする。

books_controller.rb
def book_params
  params.require(:book).permit(:title, :body, { category_ids: [] })
end

5.ビューを編集

①フォームを編集

books/index.html.slim
/ 変更前
= f.label :category_id, 'カテゴリー'
br
= f.collection_select :category_id, Category.all, :id, :name, { prompt: '選択してください' }, class: 'form-control'
br

/ 変更後
= label_tag 'カテゴリー'
br
= collection_check_boxes(:book, :category_ids, Category.all, :id, :name) do |cb|
  = cb.label { cb.check_box + ' ' + cb.text }
br

= collection_check_boxes(:book, :category_ids, Category.all, :id, :name) do |cb|
➡︎ 全カテゴリーの名前をチェックボックスとして表示し、値をidに設定している。

②テーブルを編集

books/index.html.slim
/ 変更前
td
  = category.name

/ 変更後
td
  - book.categories.each do |category|
    = category.name
    | /
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