25
27

Delete article

Deleted articles cannot be recovered.

Draft of this article would be also deleted.

Are you sure you want to delete this article?

More than 3 years have passed since last update.

ReactにTypeScriptを導入【Tips集】

Last updated at Posted at 2020-01-14

ReactにTypeScriptを導入したときのTipsをまとめました。
一助となればこれ幸い。
※基礎編レベルになります

手始め

App.tsxで書いてみる

ファイルApp.jsApp.tsxに変更

App.tsx
import React, { FC } from 'react';

const App: FC = ()  => {
  const sum = (a: number, b: number): number => {
    return a + b;
  };
  return (
    <>
      <p>{sum(1, 2)}</p>
    </>
  );
};

export default App;
  • FCはFunctional Component型の指定

Tips

interface

interface Todo {
  text: string;
  complete: boolean;
  name?: string;
  readonly x: number;
}
  • 型の定義をまとめる
  • 関数やオブジェクト、配列をまとめることができる
  • interfaceの名前の頭文字は大文字
  • name?は任意のプロパティ
  • readonlyは読み込み専用、xを変更することができない
let hoge: Hoge = { x: 10 };
hoge.x = 5; // error

参考サイト

継承

interface Todo {
  text: string;
  complete: boolean;
}

interface Todo2 extend Todo {
  tags: string[];
}
  • extendで型を継承
  • string[]は配列型で配列の中身がstring

外部ファイルで管理


export interface Action {
  type: string;
  payload: Hoge[];
}
  • exportで外部ファイルに適用
  • 複数interfaceを1つのファイルで管理可能

分割代入に適用

const { hoge }: { hoge: Data[] } = state;
  • : { hoge: Data[] }で変数hogeの型指定
  • Data[]は配列型で配列の中身がinterfaceのData

useState

パターン1

const [value, setValue] = useState<string>('');
  • useStateに文字列型を指定

パターン2

interface Todo {
  text: string;
  complete: boolean;
}

const [todos, setTodos] = useState<Todo[]>([]);
  • useStateにオブジェクト型を指定
  • Todo[]は配列型で配列の中身がinterfaceのTodo

パターン3

interface State {
  notificationVisible: boolean;
}

const [state, setState] = useState<State>({
  notificationVisible: true
});

const handleClick = () => {
  setState({
    notificationVisible: false
  });
  • Genericsで型指定したときの書き方

propsの型指定

interface HogeProps {
  name: string;
  age: number;
  prefecture?: string;
}

const Hoge: FC<HogeProps> = ({ name, age }) => {

関数に適用

interface Todo {
  text: string;
  complete: boolean;
}

const addTodo = (text: string): void => {
  const newTodos: Todo[] = [...todos, { text, complete: false }];
  setTodos(newTodos);
};
  • : voidはreturn(返り値)がないときに指定

formのonSubmitのEventの型指定

const handleSubmit = (e: React.FormEvent<HTMLFormElement>) => {
  e.preventDefault();
};

<form onSubmit={handleSubmit}>
  • formのonSubmit関数の引数にReact.FormEventを指定

formのonChangeのEventの型指定

const [hoge, setHoge] = useState('');

const handleChange = (e: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
  const { value }: { value: string } = e.target;
  setHoge(value);
};

<input type="text" value={hoge} onChange={handleChange} />
  • onChangeのevent関数の引数にReact.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>)を指定
  • const { value }: { value: string }は分割代入の型指定

mapで展開するときの型指定

interface Todo {
  text: string;
  complete: boolean;
}

<ul>
  {
    todos.map((todo: Todo, index: number) => (
      <li key={index}>{todo.text}</li>
    ))
  }
</ul>

stateとactionに導入

import React, { createContext } from 'react';

const FETCH_DATA: string = 'FETCH_DATA';

interface State {
  hoge: [];
}

interface Hoge {
  name: string;
  age: number;
}

interface Action {
  type: string;
  payload: Hoge[];
}

const initialState:State = {
  hoge: [];
};

const Index = createContext<State>(initialState);

const reducer = (state: State, action: Action) => {
  switch (action.type) {
    case FETCH_DATA:
      return { ...state, hoge: action.payload };
    default:
      return state;
  }
};

lazyに適用

import React, { lazy } from 'react';

const Hoge = lazy<any>(() => import('./Hoge'));

dispatchに適用

interface Hoge {
  name: string;
  age: number;
}

interface Action {
  type: string;
  payload: Hoge[];
}

type Dispatch = React.Dispatch<Action>

interface Foo {
  store: { state: State, dispatch: Dispatch }
}
  • storeの型を指定
  • Hoge[]は配列型で配列の中身がinterfaceのHoge
25
27
0

Register as a new user and use Qiita more conveniently

  1. You get articles that match your needs
  2. You can efficiently read back useful information
  3. You can use dark theme
What you can do with signing up
25
27

Delete article

Deleted articles cannot be recovered.

Draft of this article would be also deleted.

Are you sure you want to delete this article?