これまでGCCのバージョンと以下のページを比較してどの規格がサポートされているか確認していたけれども、もっと簡単な方法があったのでメモ
C++ Standards Support in GCC - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)
TL;DR
以下を実行すればよいかと思います。
$ g++ -v --help 2>/dev/null | grep -E "^\s+\-std=.*$"
使用例
サポートしている規格の一覧表示
$ g++ --version
g++ (Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04.3) 4.8.4
Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
$ g++ -v --help 2>/dev/null | grep -E "^\s+\-std=.*$"
-std=<standard> Assume that the input sources are for <standard>
-std=f2003 Conform to the ISO Fortran 2003 standard
-std=f2008 Conform to the ISO Fortran 2008 standard
-std=f2008ts Conform to the ISO Fortran 2008 standard
-std=f95 Conform to the ISO Fortran 95 standard
-std=gnu Conform to nothing in particular
-std=legacy Accept extensions to support legacy code
-std=c++03 Conform to the ISO 1998 C++ standard revised by
-std=c++0x Deprecated in favor of -std=c++11
-std=c++11 Conform to the ISO 2011 C++ standard
-std=c++1y Conform to the ISO 201y(7?) C++ draft standard
-std=c++98 Conform to the ISO 1998 C++ standard revised by
-std=c11 Conform to the ISO 2011 C standard (experimental
-std=c1x Deprecated in favor of -std=c11
-std=c89 Conform to the ISO 1990 C standard
-std=c90 Conform to the ISO 1990 C standard
-std=c99 Conform to the ISO 1999 C standard
-std=c9x Deprecated in favor of -std=c99
-std=gnu++03 Conform to the ISO 1998 C++ standard revised by
-std=gnu++0x Deprecated in favor of -std=gnu++11
-std=gnu++11 Conform to the ISO 2011 C++ standard with GNU
-std=gnu++1y Conform to the ISO 201y(7?) C++ draft standard
-std=gnu++98 Conform to the ISO 1998 C++ standard revised by
-std=gnu11 Conform to the ISO 2011 C standard with GNU
-std=gnu1x Deprecated in favor of -std=gnu11
-std=gnu89 Conform to the ISO 1990 C standard with GNU
-std=gnu90 Conform to the ISO 1990 C standard with GNU
-std=gnu99 Conform to the ISO 1999 C standard with GNU
-std=gnu9x Deprecated in favor of -std=gnu99
-std=iso9899:1990 Conform to the ISO 1990 C standard
-std=iso9899:199409 Conform to the ISO 1990 C standard as amended in
-std=iso9899:1999 Conform to the ISO 1999 C standard
-std=iso9899:199x Deprecated in favor of -std=iso9899:1999
-std=iso9899:2011 Conform to the ISO 2011 C standard (experimental