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13.5.2.2 Logical operations [temp.constr.op] C++N4910:2022 (204) p367.cpp

Last updated at Posted at 2022-07-03

はじめに(Introduction)

N4910 Working Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++

n4910は、ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21の作業原案(Working Draft)です。
公式のISO/IEC 14882原本ではありません。
ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21では、可能な限り作業文書を公開し、幅広い意見を求めています。
一連の記事はコード断片をコンパイルできる形にする方法を検討してコンパイル、リンク、実行して、規格案の原文と処理系(g++, Clang++)との違いを確認し、技術内容を検討し、ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21にフィードバックするために用います。
また、CERT C++, MISRA C++等のコーディング標準のコード断片をコンパイルする際の参考にさせていただこうと考えています。CERT C++, MISRA C++が標準化の動きとの時間的なずれがあれば確認できれば幸いです。また、boostライブラリとの関連、Linux OS, TOPPERSカーネル、g++(GCC), clang++(LLVM)との関係も調査中です。
何か、抜け漏れ、耳より情報がありましたらおしらせくださると幸いです。

<この項は書きかけです。順次追記します。>

背景(back ground)

C/C++でコンパイルエラーが出ると、途方にくれることがしばしばあります。
何回かに1回は、該当するエラーが検索できます。
ただ、条件が違っていて、そこでの修正方法では目的を達成しないこともしばしばです。いろいろな条件のコンパイルエラーとその対応方法について、広く記録することによって、いつか同じエラーに遭遇した時にやくに立つことを目指しています。

この半年の間で、三度、自分のネットでの記録に助けられたことがあります。
また過去に解決できなかった記録を10種類以上、最近になって解決できたことがあります。それは、主に次の3つの情報に基づいています。

https://stackoverflow.com
https://cpprefjp.github.io
http://ja.cppreference.com/

また
https://researchmap.jp/joub9b3my-1797580/#_1797580
に記載したサイトのお世話になっています。

作業方針(sequence)

Clang++では-std=c++03, C++2bの2種類
g++では-std=c++03, c++2bの2種類
でコンパイルし、

1)コンパイルエラーを収集する。
2)コンパイルエラーをなくす方法を検討する。
コンパイルエラーになる例を示すだけが目的のコードは、コンパイルエラーをなくすのではなく、コンパイルエラーの種類を収集するだけにする。
文法を示すのが目的のコード場合に、コンパイルエラーをなくすのに手間がかかる場合は、順次作業します。
3)リンクエラーをなくす方法を検討する。
文法を示すのが目的のコード場合に、リンクエラーをなくすのに手間がかかる場合は、順次作業します。
4)意味のある出力を作る。
コンパイル、リンクが通っても、意味のある出力を示そうとすると、コンパイル・リンクエラーが出て収拾できそうにない場合がある。順次作業します。

1)だけのものから4)まで進んだものと色々ある状態です。一歩でも前に進むご助言をお待ちしています。「検討事項」の欄に現状を記録するようにしています。

C++N4910:2022 Standard Working Draft on ISO/IEC 14882(0) sample code compile list

C++N4741, 2018 Standard Working Draft on ISO/IEC 14882 sample code compile list

C++N4606, 2016符号断片編纂一覧(example code compile list)

C++N4606, 2016 Working Draft 2016, ISO/IEC 14882, C++ standard(1) Example code compile list
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/df5d62c35bd6ed1c3d43/

C++N3242, 2011 sample code compile list on clang++ and g++

編纂器(Compiler)

clang++ --version

Debian clang version 14.0.5-++20220610033153+c12386ae247c-1~exp1~20220610153237.151
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, Thread model: posix, InstalledDir: /usr/bin

g++- --version

g++ (GCC) 12.1.0 Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

13.5.2.2 Logical operations [temp.constr.op] C++N4910:2022 (204) p367.cpp

算譜(source code)

p367.cpp
// C++N4910 Committee Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++
// http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2022/n4910.pdf
const char * n4910 = "13.5.2.2 Logical operations [temp.constr.op] C++N4910:2022 (204) p367.cpp";
// Debian clang version 14.0.5-++20220610033153+c12386ae247c-
// g++ (GCC) 12.1.0 Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
// Edited by Dr. Ogawa Kiyoshi. Compile procedure and results record.
// C++N4910:2022 Standard Working Draft on ISO/IEC 14882(0) sample code compile list
// https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/fc957ddddd402004bb91

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib> 
#include <cstring>
#include <cassert>
#include <coroutine>
#include <vector>
#include <complex>
#include <map>
#include <atomic>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <typeinfo>

using namespace std;

// Example 1  
template<typename T>
       constexpr bool get_value() { return T::value; }
     template<typename T>
       requires (sizeof(T) > 1) && (get_value<T>())
void f(T); // has associated constraint sizeof(T) > 1 ∧ get_value<T>() void f(int);
f('a'); // OK, calls f(int)
// [Example 2:
template <class T> concept sad = false;
template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>);
template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>) && true;
int i1 = f1(42); // ambiguous, !sad<T> atomic constraint expressions (13.5.2.3)
// are not formed from the same expression
template <class T> concept not_sad = !sad<T>;
template <class T> int f2(T) requires not_sad<T>;
template <class T> int f2(T) requires not_sad<T> && true;
int i2 = f2(42); // OK, !sad<T> atomic constraint expressions both come from not_sad
template <class T> int f3(T) requires (!sad<typename T::type>);
int i3 = f3(42); // error: associated constraints not satisfied due to substitution failure
template <class T> concept sad_nested_type = sad<typename T::type>;
template <class T> int f4(T) requires (!sad_nested_type<T>);
int i4 = f4(42); // OK, substitution failure contained within sad_nested_type
// Here, requires (!sad<typename T::type>) requires that there is a nested type that is not sad, whereas requires (!sad_nested_type<T>) requires that there is no sad nested type. 
int main(){
  cout  <<  n4910 << endl;
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

Script

clgc.sh
#!/bin/sh
rm $1l
rm $1g
echo "$ clang++ $1.cpp -std=03 -o $1l -I. -Wall" 
clang++ $1.cpp -std=c++03 -o $1l -I. -Wall
if [  -e $1l ]; then
./$1l 
fi
rm $1l
echo "$ clang++ $1.cpp -std=2b -o $1l -I. -Wall"
clang++ $1.cpp -std=c++2b -o $1l -I. -Wall
if [  -e $1l ]; then
./$1l
fi
echo "\r"
echo "$ g++ $1.cpp -std=03 -o $1g -I. -Wall"
g++ $1.cpp -std=c++03 -o $1g -I. -Wall
if [ -e $1g ]; then
./$1g
fi
rm $1g
echo "\r"
echo "$ g++ $1.cpp -std=2b -o $1g -I. -Wall"
g++ $1.cpp -std=c++2b -o $1g -I. -Wall
if [ -e $1g ]; then
./$1g 
fi

編纂・実行結果(compile and go)

bash
# ./clgc.sh p367
$ clang++ p367.cpp -std=c++03 -o p367l -I. -Wall
In file included from p367.cpp:19:
In file included from /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/10/../../../../include/c++/10/atomic:38:
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/10/../../../../include/c++/10/bits/c++0x_warning.h:32:2: error: This file requires compiler and library support for the ISO C++ 2011 standard. This support must be enabled with the -std=c++11 or -std=gnu++11 compiler options.
#error This file requires compiler and library support \
 ^
p367.cpp:27:8: error: unknown type name 'constexpr'
       constexpr bool get_value() { return T::value; }
       ^
p367.cpp:29:8: error: C++ requires a type specifier for all declarations
       requires (sizeof(T) > 1) && (get_value<T>())
       ^
p367.cpp:29:8: warning: variable templates are a C++14 extension [-Wc++14-extensions]
p367.cpp:29:32: error: expected ';' at end of declaration
       requires (sizeof(T) > 1) && (get_value<T>())
                               ^
                               ;
p367.cpp:29:33: warning: rvalue references are a C++11 extension [-Wc++11-extensions]
       requires (sizeof(T) > 1) && (get_value<T>())
                                ^
p367.cpp:29:47: error: use of undeclared identifier 'T'
       requires (sizeof(T) > 1) && (get_value<T>())
                                              ^
p367.cpp:31:1: error: C++ requires a type specifier for all declarations
f('a'); // OK, calls f(int)
^
p367.cpp:33:20: error: unknown type name 'concept'
template <class T> concept sad = false;
                   ^
p367.cpp:33:28: warning: variable templates are a C++14 extension [-Wc++14-extensions]
template <class T> concept sad = false;
                           ^
p367.cpp:34:29: error: expected ';' at end of declaration
template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>);
                            ^
                            ;
p367.cpp:34:30: error: C++ requires a type specifier for all declarations
template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>);
                             ^
p367.cpp:34:45: error: use of undeclared identifier 'T'
template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>);
                                            ^
p367.cpp:35:29: error: expected ';' at end of declaration
template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>) && true;
                            ^
                            ;
p367.cpp:35:30: error: C++ requires a type specifier for all declarations
template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>) && true;
                             ^
p367.cpp:35:45: error: use of undeclared identifier 'T'
template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>) && true;
                                            ^
p367.cpp:35:48: error: expected ';' after top level declarator
template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>) && true;
                                               ^
                                               ;
p367.cpp:38:20: error: unknown type name 'concept'
template <class T> concept not_sad = !sad<T>;
                   ^
p367.cpp:38:28: warning: variable templates are a C++14 extension [-Wc++14-extensions]
template <class T> concept not_sad = !sad<T>;
                           ^
p367.cpp:39:29: error: expected ';' at end of declaration
template <class T> int f2(T) requires not_sad<T>;
                            ^
                            ;
p367.cpp:39:30: error: unknown type name 'requires'
template <class T> int f2(T) requires not_sad<T>;
                             ^
p367.cpp:39:47: error: use of undeclared identifier 'T'
template <class T> int f2(T) requires not_sad<T>;
                                              ^
p367.cpp:40:29: error: expected ';' at end of declaration
template <class T> int f2(T) requires not_sad<T> && true;
                            ^
                            ;
fatal error: too many errors emitted, stopping now [-ferror-limit=]
4 warnings and 20 errors generated.
rm: cannot remove 'p367l': No such file or directory
$ clang++ p367.cpp -std=c++2b -o p367l -I. -Wall
p367.cpp:31:1: error: C++ requires a type specifier for all declarations
f('a'); // OK, calls f(int)
^
p367.cpp:36:10: error: call to 'f1' is ambiguous
int i1 = f1(42); // ambiguous, !sad<T> atomic constraint expressions (13.5.2.3)
         ^~
p367.cpp:34:24: note: candidate function [with T = int]
template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>);
                       ^
p367.cpp:35:24: note: candidate function [with T = int]
template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>) && true;
                       ^
p367.cpp:34:40: note: similar constraint expressions not considered equivalent; constraint expressions cannot be considered equivalent unless they originate from the same concept
template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>);
                                       ^~~~~~~
p367.cpp:35:40: note: similar constraint expression here
template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>) && true;
                                       ^~~~~~~
p367.cpp:43:10: error: no matching function for call to 'f3'
int i3 = f3(42); // error: associated constraints not satisfied due to substitution failure
         ^~
p367.cpp:42:24: note: candidate template ignored: substitution failure [with T = int]: type 'int' cannot be used prior to '::' because it has no members
template <class T> int f3(T) requires (!sad<typename T::type>);
                       ^                             ~
3 errors generated.

$ g++ p367.cpp -std=c++03 -o p367g -I. -Wall
In file included from /usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/atomic:38,
                 from p367.cpp:19:
/usr/local/include/c++/12.1.0/bits/c++0x_warning.h:32:2: error: #error This file requires compiler and library support for the ISO C++ 2011 standard. This support must be enabled with the -std=c++11 or -std=gnu++11 compiler options.
   32 | #error This file requires compiler and library support \
      |  ^~~~~
p367.cpp:27:8: warning: identifier 'constexpr' is a keyword in C++11 [-Wc++11-compat]
   27 |        constexpr bool get_value() { return T::value; }
      |        ^~~~~~~~~
p367.cpp:27:8: error: 'constexpr' does not name a type
p367.cpp:27:8: note: C++11 'constexpr' only available with '-std=c++11' or '-std=gnu++11'
p367.cpp:29:17: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
   29 |        requires (sizeof(T) > 1) && (get_value<T>())
      |                 ^
p367.cpp:31:2: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
   31 | f('a'); // OK, calls f(int)
      |  ^
p367.cpp:33:20: error: 'concept' does not name a type; did you mean 'const'?
   33 | template <class T> concept sad = false;
      |                    ^~~~~~~
      |                    const
p367.cpp:33:20: note: 'concept' only available with '-std=c++20' or '-fconcepts'
p367.cpp:34:30: error: 'requires' only available with '-std=c++20' or '-fconcepts'
   34 | template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>);
      |                              ^~~~~~~~
p367.cpp:34:41: error: 'sad' was not declared in this scope; did you mean 'std'?
   34 | template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>);
      |                                         ^~~
      |                                         std
p367.cpp:34:46: error: expected primary-expression before '>' token
   34 | template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>);
      |                                              ^
p367.cpp:34:44: warning: logical not is only applied to the left hand side of comparison [-Wlogical-not-parentheses]
   34 | template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>);
      |                                            ^
p367.cpp:34:47: error: expected primary-expression before ')' token
   34 | template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>);
      |                                               ^
p367.cpp:35:30: error: 'requires' only available with '-std=c++20' or '-fconcepts'
   35 | template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>) && true;
      |                              ^~~~~~~~
p367.cpp:35:41: error: 'sad' was not declared in this scope; did you mean 'std'?
   35 | template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>) && true;
      |                                         ^~~
      |                                         std
p367.cpp:35:46: error: expected primary-expression before '>' token
   35 | template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>) && true;
      |                                              ^
p367.cpp:35:44: warning: logical not is only applied to the left hand side of comparison [-Wlogical-not-parentheses]
   35 | template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>) && true;
      |                                            ^
p367.cpp:35:47: error: expected primary-expression before ')' token
   35 | template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>) && true;
      |                                               ^
p367.cpp:38:20: error: 'concept' does not name a type; did you mean 'const'?
   38 | template <class T> concept not_sad = !sad<T>;
      |                    ^~~~~~~
      |                    const
p367.cpp:38:20: note: 'concept' only available with '-std=c++20' or '-fconcepts'
p367.cpp:39:30: error: 'requires' only available with '-std=c++20' or '-fconcepts'
   39 | template <class T> int f2(T) requires not_sad<T>;
      |                              ^~~~~~~~
p367.cpp:39:39: error: 'not_sad' was not declared in this scope
   39 | template <class T> int f2(T) requires not_sad<T>;
      |                                       ^~~~~~~
p367.cpp:39:48: error: expected primary-expression before '>' token
   39 | template <class T> int f2(T) requires not_sad<T>;
      |                                                ^
p367.cpp:39:49: error: expected primary-expression before ';' token
   39 | template <class T> int f2(T) requires not_sad<T>;
      |                                                 ^
p367.cpp:40:30: error: 'requires' only available with '-std=c++20' or '-fconcepts'
   40 | template <class T> int f2(T) requires not_sad<T> && true;
      |                              ^~~~~~~~
p367.cpp:40:39: error: 'not_sad' was not declared in this scope
   40 | template <class T> int f2(T) requires not_sad<T> && true;
      |                                       ^~~~~~~
p367.cpp:40:48: error: expected primary-expression before '>' token
   40 | template <class T> int f2(T) requires not_sad<T> && true;
      |                                                ^
p367.cpp:40:53: error: expected identifier before 'true'
   40 | template <class T> int f2(T) requires not_sad<T> && true;
      |                                                     ^~~~
p367.cpp:40:53: error: expected initializer before 'true'
p367.cpp:42:30: error: 'requires' only available with '-std=c++20' or '-fconcepts'
   42 | template <class T> int f3(T) requires (!sad<typename T::type>);
      |                              ^~~~~~~~
p367.cpp:42:41: error: 'sad' was not declared in this scope; did you mean 'std'?
   42 | template <class T> int f3(T) requires (!sad<typename T::type>);
      |                                         ^~~
      |                                         std
p367.cpp:42:61: error: expected '(' before '>' token
   42 | template <class T> int f3(T) requires (!sad<typename T::type>);
      |                                                             ^
      |                                                             (
p367.cpp:42:44: warning: logical not is only applied to the left hand side of comparison [-Wlogical-not-parentheses]
   42 | template <class T> int f3(T) requires (!sad<typename T::type>);
      |                                            ^
p367.cpp:42:62: error: expected primary-expression before ')' token
   42 | template <class T> int f3(T) requires (!sad<typename T::type>);
      |                                                              ^
p367.cpp:44:20: error: 'concept' does not name a type; did you mean 'const'?
   44 | template <class T> concept sad_nested_type = sad<typename T::type>;
      |                    ^~~~~~~
      |                    const
p367.cpp:44:20: note: 'concept' only available with '-std=c++20' or '-fconcepts'
p367.cpp:45:30: error: 'requires' only available with '-std=c++20' or '-fconcepts'
   45 | template <class T> int f4(T) requires (!sad_nested_type<T>);
      |                              ^~~~~~~~
p367.cpp:45:41: error: 'sad_nested_type' was not declared in this scope
   45 | template <class T> int f4(T) requires (!sad_nested_type<T>);
      |                                         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
p367.cpp:45:58: error: expected primary-expression before '>' token
   45 | template <class T> int f4(T) requires (!sad_nested_type<T>);
      |                                                          ^
p367.cpp:45:56: warning: logical not is only applied to the left hand side of comparison [-Wlogical-not-parentheses]
   45 | template <class T> int f4(T) requires (!sad_nested_type<T>);
      |                                                        ^
p367.cpp:45:59: error: expected primary-expression before ')' token
   45 | template <class T> int f4(T) requires (!sad_nested_type<T>);
      |                                                           ^
rm: cannot remove 'p367g': No such file or directory

$ g++ p367.cpp -std=c++2b -o p367g -I. -Wall
p367.cpp:31:2: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
   31 | f('a'); // OK, calls f(int)
      |  ^
p367.cpp:36:12: error: call of overloaded 'f1(int)' is ambiguous
   36 | int i1 = f1(42); // ambiguous, !sad<T> atomic constraint expressions (13.5.2.3)
      |          ~~^~~~
p367.cpp:34:24: note: candidate: 'int f1(T) requires !(sad<T>) [with T = int]'
   34 | template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>);
      |                        ^~
p367.cpp:35:24: note: candidate: 'int f1(T) requires !(sad<T>) && true [with T = int]'
   35 | template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>) && true;
      |                        ^~
p367.cpp:43:12: error: no matching function for call to 'f3(int)'
   43 | int i3 = f3(42); // error: associated constraints not satisfied due to substitution failure
      |          ~~^~~~
p367.cpp:42:24: note: candidate: 'template<class T> int f3(T) requires !(sad<typename T::type>)'
   42 | template <class T> int f3(T) requires (!sad<typename T::type>);
      |                        ^~
p367.cpp:42:24: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
p367.cpp:42:24: note: constraints not satisfied
p367.cpp: In substitution of 'template<class T> int f3(T) requires !(sad<typename T::type>) [with T = int]':
p367.cpp:43:12:   required from here
p367.cpp:42:24:   required by the constraints of 'template<class T> int f3(T) requires !(sad<typename T::type>)'
p367.cpp:42:41: error: 'int' is not a class, struct, or union type
   42 | template <class T> int f3(T) requires (!sad<typename T::type>);
      |                                         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

検討事項(agenda)

コンパイルエラーを取るか、コンパイルエラーの理由を解説する。

参考資料(reference)

cpprefjp - C++日本語リファレンス

コンパイラの実装状況

typedef は C++11 ではオワコン

C99からC++14を駆け抜けるC++講座

自己参照(self reference)

コピペコンパイルエラーあるある

C++ Error Message Collection(1)does not name a type, 11 articles

dockerにclang

docker gnu(gcc/g++) and llvm(clang/clang++)

コンパイル用shell script C版(clangとgcc)とC++版(clang++とg++)

Compare the contents of C++N4910:2022, C++N4741:2018 and C++N4606:2015

C++ sample list

clang++, g++コンパイルエラー方針の違いの例

astyle 使ってみた

C++N4606 Working Draft 2016, ISO/IEC 14882, C++ standardのコード断片をコンパイルするためにしていること
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/a8d7ee2f2e29e76c19c1

コンパイル用shell script C版(clangとgcc)とC++版(clang++とg++)
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/74220c0577a512c2d7da

Clang/Clang++(LLVM) gcc/g++(GNU) コンパイラ警告等比較
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/9a82b958cc3aeef0403f

C++2003とC++2017でコンパイルエラーになるならない事例集
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<この記事は個人の過去の経験に基づく個人の感想です。現在所属する組織、業務とは関係がありません。>

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