はじめに(Introduction)
N4910 Working Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++
n4910は、ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21の作業原案(Working Draft)です。
公式のISO/IEC 14882原本ではありません。
ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21では、可能な限り作業文書を公開し、幅広い意見を求めています。
一連の記事はコード断片をコンパイルできる形にする方法を検討してコンパイル、リンク、実行して、規格案の原文と処理系(g++, Clang++)との違いを確認し、技術内容を検討し、ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21にフィードバックするために用います。
また、CERT C++, MISRA C++等のコーディング標準のコード断片をコンパイルする際の参考にさせていただこうと考えています。CERT C++, MISRA C++が標準化の動きとの時間的なずれがあれば確認できれば幸いです。また、boostライブラリとの関連、Linux OS, TOPPERSカーネル、g++(GCC), clang++(LLVM)との関係も調査中です。
何か、抜け漏れ、耳より情報がありましたらおしらせくださると幸いです。
背景(back ground)
C/C++でコンパイルエラーが出ると、途方にくれることがしばしばあります。
何回かに1回は、該当するエラーが検索できます。
ただ、条件が違っていて、そこでの修正方法では目的を達成しないこともしばしばです。いろいろな条件のコンパイルエラーとその対応方法について、広く記録することによって、いつか同じエラーに遭遇した時にやくに立つことを目指しています。
この半年の間で、三度、自分のネットでの記録に助けられたことがあります。
また過去に解決できなかった記録を10種類以上、最近になって解決できたことがあります。それは、主に次の3つの情報に基づいています。
https://stackoverflow.com
https://cpprefjp.github.io
http://ja.cppreference.com/
また
https://researchmap.jp/joub9b3my-1797580/#_1797580
に記載したサイトのお世話になっています。
作業方針(sequence)
Clang++では-std=c++03, C++2bの2種類
g++では-std=c++03, c++2bの2種類
でコンパイルし、
1)コンパイルエラーを収集する。
2)コンパイルエラーをなくす方法を検討する。
コンパイルエラーになる例を示すだけが目的のコードは、コンパイルエラーをなくすのではなく、コンパイルエラーの種類を収集するだけにする。
文法を示すのが目的のコード場合に、コンパイルエラーをなくすのに手間がかかる場合は、順次作業します。
3)リンクエラーをなくす方法を検討する。
文法を示すのが目的のコード場合に、リンクエラーをなくすのに手間がかかる場合は、順次作業します。
4)意味のある出力を作る。
コンパイル、リンクが通っても、意味のある出力を示そうとすると、コンパイル・リンクエラーが出て収拾できそうにない場合がある。順次作業します。
1)だけのものから4)まで進んだものと色々ある状態です。一歩でも前に進むご助言をお待ちしています。「検討事項」の欄に現状を記録するようにしています。
C++N4910:2022 Standard Working Draft on ISO/IEC 14882(0) sample code compile list
C++N4741, 2018 Standard Working Draft on ISO/IEC 14882 sample code compile list
C++N4606, 2016符号断片編纂一覧(example code compile list)
C++N4606, 2016 Working Draft 2016, ISO/IEC 14882, C++ standard(1) Example code compile list
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/df5d62c35bd6ed1c3d43/
C++N3242, 2011 sample code compile list on clang++ and g++
編纂器(Compiler)
clang++ --version
Debian clang version 14.0.5-++20220610033153+c12386ae247c-1~exp1~20220610153237.151
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin
g++- --version
g++ (GCC) 12.1.0
Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
6.4.1 General [basic.scope.scope] C++N4910:2022 (7) p38.cpp
new
##算譜(source code)
// C++N4910 Committee Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++
// http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2022/n4910.pdf
const char * msg="6.4.1 General [basic.scope.scope] C++N4910 (7) p38.cpp";
// Edited by Dr. Ogawa Kiyoshi. Compile procedure and results record.
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
//Example 1 :
struct A {
friend void f(); // #1
};
struct B {
friend void f() {} // corresponds to, and defines, #1
};
//Example 2 :
typedef int Int;
enum E : int { a };
void f(int); // #1
void f(Int) {} // defines #1
void f(E) {} // OK, another overload
struct X {
static void f();
void f() const; // error: redeclaration
void g();
void g() const; // OK
void g() &; // error: redeclaration
void h(this X&, int);
void h(int) &&; // OK, another overload
void j(this const X&);
void j() const &; // error: redeclaration
void k();
void k(this X&); // error: redeclaration
};
// Example 3 :
void f() {
int x,y;
void x(); // error: different entity for x
int y; // error: redefinition
}
enum { f }; // error: different entity for ::f
namespace A {}
namespace B = A;
namespace B = A; // OK, no effect
namespace B = B; // OK, no effect
namespace A = B; // OK, no effect
namespace B {} // error: different entity for B
// Example 4 :
namespace A {
void f() {void g();}
inline namespace B {
struct S {
friend void h();
static int i;
};
}
}
int main() {
f();
std::cout << "d2.x " <<d2.x <<" a " << a.s << std::endl;
cout<< msg << endl;
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
編纂・実行結果(compile and go)
# ./clgc.sh p38
rm: cannot remove 'p38l': No such file or directory
rm: cannot remove 'p38g': No such file or directory
$ clang++ p38.cpp -std=03 -o p38l -I. -Wall
p38.cpp:27:6: error: static and non-static member functions with the same parameter types cannot be overloaded
void f() const; // error: redeclaration
^
p38.cpp:26:13: note: previous declaration is here
static void f();
^
p38.cpp:30:10: warning: reference qualifiers on functions are a C++11 extension [-Wc++11-extensions]
void g() &; // error: redeclaration
^
p38.cpp:30:6: error: cannot overload a member function with ref-qualifier '&' with a member function without a ref-qualifier
void g() &; // error: redeclaration
^
p38.cpp:29:6: note: previous declaration is here
void g() const; // OK
^
p38.cpp:30:6: error: cannot overload a member function with ref-qualifier '&' with a member function without a ref-qualifier
void g() &; // error: redeclaration
^
p38.cpp:28:6: note: previous declaration is here
void g();
^
p38.cpp:31:8: error: expected parameter declarator
void h(this X&, int);
^
p38.cpp:31:8: error: expected ')'
p38.cpp:31:7: note: to match this '('
void h(this X&, int);
^
p38.cpp:32:13: warning: reference qualifiers on functions are a C++11 extension [-Wc++11-extensions]
void h(int) &&; // OK, another overload
^
p38.cpp:33:8: error: expected parameter declarator
void j(this const X&);
^
p38.cpp:33:8: error: expected ')'
p38.cpp:33:7: note: to match this '('
void j(this const X&);
^
p38.cpp:34:16: warning: reference qualifiers on functions are a C++11 extension [-Wc++11-extensions]
void j() const &; // error: redeclaration
^
p38.cpp:34:6: error: cannot overload a member function with ref-qualifier '&' with a member function without a ref-qualifier
void j() const &; // error: redeclaration
^
p38.cpp:33:6: note: previous declaration is here
void j(this const X&);
^
p38.cpp:36:8: error: expected parameter declarator
void k(this X&); // error: redeclaration
^
p38.cpp:36:8: error: expected ')'
p38.cpp:36:7: note: to match this '('
void k(this X&); // error: redeclaration
^
p38.cpp:36:6: error: class member cannot be redeclared
void k(this X&); // error: redeclaration
^
p38.cpp:35:6: note: previous declaration is here
void k();
^
p38.cpp:39:6: error: redefinition of 'f'
void f() {
^
p38.cpp:17:13: note: previous definition is here
friend void f() {} // corresponds to, and defines, #1
^
p38.cpp:41:6: error: redefinition of 'x' as different kind of symbol
void x(); // error: different entity for x
^
p38.cpp:40:5: note: previous definition is here
int x,y;
^
p38.cpp:42:5: error: redefinition of 'y'
int y; // error: redefinition
^
p38.cpp:40:7: note: previous definition is here
int x,y;
^
p38.cpp:45:11: error: redefinition of 'A' as different kind of symbol
namespace A {}
^
p38.cpp:13:8: note: previous definition is here
struct A {
^
p38.cpp:46:11: error: redefinition of 'B' as different kind of symbol
namespace B = A;
^
p38.cpp:16:8: note: previous definition is here
struct B {
^
p38.cpp:47:11: error: redefinition of 'B' as different kind of symbol
namespace B = A; // OK, no effect
^
p38.cpp:16:8: note: previous definition is here
struct B {
^
p38.cpp:48:15: error: expected namespace name
namespace B = B; // OK, no effect
^
p38.cpp:49:15: error: expected namespace name
namespace A = B; // OK, no effect
^
fatal error: too many errors emitted, stopping now [-ferror-limit=]
3 warnings and 20 errors generated.
rm: cannot remove 'p38l': No such file or directory
$ clang++ p38.cpp -std=2b -o p38l -I. -Wall
p38.cpp:27:6: error: static and non-static member functions with the same parameter types cannot be overloaded
void f() const; // error: redeclaration
^
p38.cpp:26:13: note: previous declaration is here
static void f();
^
p38.cpp:30:6: error: cannot overload a member function with ref-qualifier '&' with a member function without a ref-qualifier
void g() &; // error: redeclaration
^
p38.cpp:29:6: note: previous declaration is here
void g() const; // OK
^
p38.cpp:30:6: error: cannot overload a member function with ref-qualifier '&' with a member function without a ref-qualifier
void g() &; // error: redeclaration
^
p38.cpp:28:6: note: previous declaration is here
void g();
^
p38.cpp:31:8: error: expected parameter declarator
void h(this X&, int);
^
p38.cpp:31:8: error: expected ')'
p38.cpp:31:7: note: to match this '('
void h(this X&, int);
^
p38.cpp:33:8: error: expected parameter declarator
void j(this const X&);
^
p38.cpp:33:8: error: expected ')'
p38.cpp:33:7: note: to match this '('
void j(this const X&);
^
p38.cpp:34:6: error: cannot overload a member function with ref-qualifier '&' with a member function without a ref-qualifier
void j() const &; // error: redeclaration
^
p38.cpp:33:6: note: previous declaration is here
void j(this const X&);
^
p38.cpp:36:8: error: expected parameter declarator
void k(this X&); // error: redeclaration
^
p38.cpp:36:8: error: expected ')'
p38.cpp:36:7: note: to match this '('
void k(this X&); // error: redeclaration
^
p38.cpp:36:6: error: class member cannot be redeclared
void k(this X&); // error: redeclaration
^
p38.cpp:35:6: note: previous declaration is here
void k();
^
p38.cpp:39:6: error: redefinition of 'f'
void f() {
^
p38.cpp:17:13: note: previous definition is here
friend void f() {} // corresponds to, and defines, #1
^
p38.cpp:41:6: error: redefinition of 'x' as different kind of symbol
void x(); // error: different entity for x
^
p38.cpp:40:5: note: previous definition is here
int x,y;
^
p38.cpp:42:5: error: redefinition of 'y'
int y; // error: redefinition
^
p38.cpp:40:7: note: previous definition is here
int x,y;
^
p38.cpp:45:11: error: redefinition of 'A' as different kind of symbol
namespace A {}
^
p38.cpp:13:8: note: previous definition is here
struct A {
^
p38.cpp:46:11: error: redefinition of 'B' as different kind of symbol
namespace B = A;
^
p38.cpp:16:8: note: previous definition is here
struct B {
^
p38.cpp:47:11: error: redefinition of 'B' as different kind of symbol
namespace B = A; // OK, no effect
^
p38.cpp:16:8: note: previous definition is here
struct B {
^
p38.cpp:48:15: error: expected namespace name
namespace B = B; // OK, no effect
^
p38.cpp:49:15: error: expected namespace name
namespace A = B; // OK, no effect
^
fatal error: too many errors emitted, stopping now [-ferror-limit=]
20 errors generated.
$ g++ p38.cpp -std=03 -o p38g -I. -Wall
p38.cpp:21:10: warning: scoped enums only available with '-std=c++11' or '-std=gnu++11' [-Wc++11-extensions]
21 | enum E : int { a };
| ^~~
p38.cpp:27:6: error: 'void X::f() const' cannot be overloaded with 'static void X::f()'
27 | void f() const; // error: redeclaration
| ^
p38.cpp:26:13: note: previous declaration 'static void X::f()'
26 | static void f();
| ^
p38.cpp:30:8: error: expected ';' at end of member declaration
30 | void g() &; // error: redeclaration
| ^
| ;
p38.cpp:30:6: error: 'void X::g()' cannot be overloaded with 'void X::g()'
30 | void g() &; // error: redeclaration
| ^
p38.cpp:28:6: note: previous declaration 'void X::g()'
28 | void g();
| ^
p38.cpp:30:11: error: expected unqualified-id before ';' token
30 | void g() &; // error: redeclaration
| ^
p38.cpp:31:8: error: expected identifier before 'this'
31 | void h(this X&, int);
| ^~~~
p38.cpp:31:8: error: expected ',' or '...' before 'this'
p38.cpp:32:11: error: expected ';' at end of member declaration
32 | void h(int) &&; // OK, another overload
| ^
| ;
p38.cpp:32:6: error: 'void X::h(int)' cannot be overloaded with 'void X::h(int)'
32 | void h(int) &&; // OK, another overload
| ^
p38.cpp:31:6: note: previous declaration 'void X::h(int)'
31 | void h(this X&, int);
| ^
p38.cpp:32:13: error: expected unqualified-id before '&&' token
32 | void h(int) &&; // OK, another overload
| ^~
p38.cpp:33:8: error: expected identifier before 'this'
33 | void j(this const X&);
| ^~~~
p38.cpp:33:8: error: expected ',' or '...' before 'this'
p38.cpp:34:10: error: expected ';' at end of member declaration
34 | void j() const &; // error: redeclaration
| ^~~~~
| ;
p38.cpp:34:17: error: expected unqualified-id before ';' token
34 | void j() const &; // error: redeclaration
| ^
p38.cpp:36:8: error: expected identifier before 'this'
36 | void k(this X&); // error: redeclaration
| ^~~~
p38.cpp:36:8: error: expected ',' or '...' before 'this'
p38.cpp:39:6: error: redefinition of 'void f()'
39 | void f() {
| ^
p38.cpp:17:13: note: 'void f()' previously defined here
17 | friend void f() {} // corresponds to, and defines, #1
| ^
p38.cpp: In function 'void f()':
p38.cpp:41:8: error: 'void x()' redeclared as different kind of entity
41 | void x(); // error: different entity for x
| ^
p38.cpp:40:5: note: previous declaration 'int x'
40 | int x,y;
| ^
p38.cpp:42:5: error: redeclaration of 'int y'
42 | int y; // error: redefinition
| ^
p38.cpp:40:7: note: 'int y' previously declared here
40 | int x,y;
| ^
p38.cpp:40:5: warning: unused variable 'x' [-Wunused-variable]
40 | int x,y;
| ^
p38.cpp:40:7: warning: unused variable 'y' [-Wunused-variable]
40 | int x,y;
| ^
p38.cpp: At global scope:
p38.cpp:44:8: error: 'f' redeclared as different kind of entity
44 | enum { f }; // error: different entity for ::f
| ^
p38.cpp:17:13: note: previous declaration 'void f()'
17 | friend void f() {} // corresponds to, and defines, #1
| ^
p38.cpp:45:11: error: 'namespace A { }' redeclared as different kind of entity
45 | namespace A {}
| ^
p38.cpp:13:8: note: previous declaration 'struct A'
13 | struct A {
| ^
p38.cpp:46:15: error: 'A' is not a namespace-name
46 | namespace B = A;
| ^
p38.cpp:47:15: error: 'A' is not a namespace-name
47 | namespace B = A; // OK, no effect
| ^
p38.cpp:48:15: error: 'B' is not a namespace-name
48 | namespace B = B; // OK, no effect
| ^
p38.cpp:49:15: error: 'B' is not a namespace-name
49 | namespace A = B; // OK, no effect
| ^
p38.cpp:50:11: error: 'namespace B { }' redeclared as different kind of entity
50 | namespace B {} // error: different entity for B
| ^
p38.cpp:16:8: note: previous declaration 'struct B'
16 | struct B {
| ^
p38.cpp:53:11: error: 'namespace A { }' redeclared as different kind of entity
53 | namespace A {
| ^
p38.cpp:13:8: note: previous declaration 'struct A'
13 | struct A {
| ^
p38.cpp:54:6: error: redefinition of 'void f()'
54 | void f() {void g();}
| ^
p38.cpp:17:13: note: 'void f()' previously defined here
17 | friend void f() {} // corresponds to, and defines, #1
| ^
p38.cpp:55:18: error: 'namespace B { }' redeclared as different kind of entity
55 | inline namespace B {
| ^
p38.cpp:16:8: note: previous declaration 'struct B'
16 | struct B {
| ^
p38.cpp: In function 'int main()':
p38.cpp:63:4: error: no matching function for call to 'f()'
63 | f();
| ~^~
p38.cpp:23:6: note: candidate: 'void f(Int)'
23 | void f(Int) {} // defines #1
| ^
p38.cpp:23:6: note: candidate expects 1 argument, 0 provided
p38.cpp:24:6: note: candidate: 'void f(E)'
24 | void f(E) {} // OK, another overload
| ^
p38.cpp:24:6: note: candidate expects 1 argument, 0 provided
p38.cpp:64:26: error: 'd2' was not declared in this scope
64 | std::cout << "d2.x " <<d2.x <<" a " << a.s << std::endl;
| ^~
p38.cpp:64:44: error: request for member 's' in 'a', which is of non-class type 'E'
64 | std::cout << "d2.x " <<d2.x <<" a " << a.s << std::endl;
| ^
rm: cannot remove 'p38g': No such file or directory
$ g++ p38.cpp -std=2b -o p38g -I. -Wall
p38.cpp:27:6: error: 'void X::f() const' cannot be overloaded with 'static void X::f()'
27 | void f() const; // error: redeclaration
| ^
p38.cpp:26:13: note: previous declaration 'static void X::f()'
26 | static void f();
| ^
p38.cpp:30:6: error: 'void X::g() &' cannot be overloaded with 'void X::g() const'
30 | void g() &; // error: redeclaration
| ^
p38.cpp:29:6: note: previous declaration 'void X::g() const'
29 | void g() const; // OK
| ^
p38.cpp:31:8: error: expected identifier before 'this'
31 | void h(this X&, int);
| ^~~~
p38.cpp:31:8: error: expected ',' or '...' before 'this'
p38.cpp:32:6: error: 'void X::h(int) &&' cannot be overloaded with 'void X::h(int)'
32 | void h(int) &&; // OK, another overload
| ^
p38.cpp:31:6: note: previous declaration 'void X::h(int)'
31 | void h(this X&, int);
| ^
p38.cpp:33:8: error: expected identifier before 'this'
33 | void j(this const X&);
| ^~~~
p38.cpp:33:8: error: expected ',' or '...' before 'this'
p38.cpp:36:8: error: expected identifier before 'this'
36 | void k(this X&); // error: redeclaration
| ^~~~
p38.cpp:36:8: error: expected ',' or '...' before 'this'
p38.cpp:39:6: error: redefinition of 'void f()'
39 | void f() {
| ^
p38.cpp:17:13: note: 'void f()' previously defined here
17 | friend void f() {} // corresponds to, and defines, #1
| ^
p38.cpp: In function 'void f()':
p38.cpp:41:8: error: 'void x()' redeclared as different kind of entity
41 | void x(); // error: different entity for x
| ^
p38.cpp:40:5: note: previous declaration 'int x'
40 | int x,y;
| ^
p38.cpp:42:5: error: redeclaration of 'int y'
42 | int y; // error: redefinition
| ^
p38.cpp:40:7: note: 'int y' previously declared here
40 | int x,y;
| ^
p38.cpp:40:5: warning: unused variable 'x' [-Wunused-variable]
40 | int x,y;
| ^
p38.cpp:40:7: warning: unused variable 'y' [-Wunused-variable]
40 | int x,y;
| ^
p38.cpp: At global scope:
p38.cpp:44:8: error: 'f' redeclared as different kind of entity
44 | enum { f }; // error: different entity for ::f
| ^
p38.cpp:17:13: note: previous declaration 'void f()'
17 | friend void f() {} // corresponds to, and defines, #1
| ^
p38.cpp:45:11: error: 'namespace A { }' redeclared as different kind of entity
45 | namespace A {}
| ^
p38.cpp:13:8: note: previous declaration 'struct A'
13 | struct A {
| ^
p38.cpp:46:15: error: 'A' is not a namespace-name
46 | namespace B = A;
| ^
p38.cpp:47:15: error: 'A' is not a namespace-name
47 | namespace B = A; // OK, no effect
| ^
p38.cpp:48:15: error: 'B' is not a namespace-name
48 | namespace B = B; // OK, no effect
| ^
p38.cpp:49:15: error: 'B' is not a namespace-name
49 | namespace A = B; // OK, no effect
| ^
p38.cpp:50:11: error: 'namespace B { }' redeclared as different kind of entity
50 | namespace B {} // error: different entity for B
| ^
p38.cpp:16:8: note: previous declaration 'struct B'
16 | struct B {
| ^
p38.cpp:53:11: error: 'namespace A { }' redeclared as different kind of entity
53 | namespace A {
| ^
p38.cpp:13:8: note: previous declaration 'struct A'
13 | struct A {
| ^
p38.cpp:54:6: error: redefinition of 'void f()'
54 | void f() {void g();}
| ^
p38.cpp:17:13: note: 'void f()' previously defined here
17 | friend void f() {} // corresponds to, and defines, #1
| ^
p38.cpp:55:18: error: 'namespace B { }' redeclared as different kind of entity
55 | inline namespace B {
| ^
p38.cpp:16:8: note: previous declaration 'struct B'
16 | struct B {
| ^
p38.cpp: In function 'int main()':
p38.cpp:63:4: error: no matching function for call to 'f()'
63 | f();
| ~^~
p38.cpp:23:6: note: candidate: 'void f(Int)'
23 | void f(Int) {} // defines #1
| ^
p38.cpp:23:6: note: candidate expects 1 argument, 0 provided
p38.cpp:24:6: note: candidate: 'void f(E)'
24 | void f(E) {} // OK, another overload
| ^
p38.cpp:24:6: note: candidate expects 1 argument, 0 provided
p38.cpp:64:26: error: 'd2' was not declared in this scope
64 | std::cout << "d2.x " <<d2.x <<" a " << a.s << std::endl;
| ^~
p38.cpp:64:44: error: request for member 's' in 'a', which is of non-class type 'E'
64 | std::cout << "d2.x " <<d2.x <<" a " << a.s << std::endl;
| ^
検討事項(agenda)
参考資料(reference)
C++ Error Message Collection(1)does not name a type, 11 articles
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https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/a8d7ee2f2e29e76c19c1
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https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/74220c0577a512c2d7da
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https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/9a82b958cc3aeef0403f
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https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/a13ea3823441c430edff
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https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/946df1528a6a1ef2bc0d
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https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/090909af702f0d5d8a67
MISRA C++ 5-0-16
https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/7df2d4e05db724752a74
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https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/cd5fc49106fad5a4e9ed
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https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/54e056195c4f11b850a1
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https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/3f3992c9722c1cee2e3a
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https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/d89a48c1536a02ecdec9
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https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/de15cd46d657517fac11
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https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/644d5e407f5faf96e6dc
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https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/96dc8b125e462d5575bb
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https://qiita.com/kaizen_nagoya/items/fbdbff5ff696e2ca7f00
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文書履歴(document history)
ver. 0.01 初稿 20220618