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線形代数のメモ

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線形代数のメモ

ベクトルの基本

n項の縦ベクトルの表記。

\boldsymbol{a}=
\left(
  \begin{array}{c}
    a_1 \\
    a_2 \\
    \vdots \\
    a_n
  \end{array}
\right)

ベクトルの和

単純にベクトル同士の成分の和。

\boldsymbol{a}+\boldsymbol{b}=
\left(
\begin{matrix}
a_{1}+b_{1}\\a_{2}+b_{2}\\\vdots\\a_{n}+b_{n}
\end{matrix}\right)

スカラー倍

c\boldsymbol{a}=
\left(
\begin{matrix}
ca_{1}\\ca_{2}\\\vdots\\ca_{n}
\end{matrix}\right)

ベクトルの内積

成分ごとの積の和。

\boldsymbol{a}\cdot\boldsymbol{b}=
\displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{n} a_i b_i

要素積

ベクトルの各要素を掛け合わせたもの。

\boldsymbol{a}\odot\boldsymbol{b}=
\left(
  \begin{array}{c}
    a_1 b_1 \\
    a_2 b_2\\
    \vdots \\
    a_n a_n
  \end{array}
\right)

行列の基本

m×n行列

\begin{eqnarray}
\boldsymbol{A} = \left(
  \begin{array}{cccc}
    a_{ 11 } & a_{ 12 } & \ldots & a_{ 1n } \\
    a_{ 21 } & a_{ 22 } & \ldots & a_{ 2n } \\
    \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
    a_{ m1 } & a_{ m2 } & \ldots & a_{ mn }
  \end{array}
\right)
\end{eqnarray}

次も同じ意味。

\boldsymbol{A}=\left(a_{ij}\right)

正方行列

行と列が同じ数の行列

\begin{eqnarray}
\boldsymbol{A} = \left(
  \begin{array}{ccc}
    a_{ 11 } & a_{ 12 } & \ldots & a_{ 1n } \\
    a_{ 21 } & a_{ 22 } & \ldots & a_{ 2n } \\
    \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
    a_{ n1 } & a_{ n2 } & \ldots & a_{ nn }
  \end{array}
\right)
\end{eqnarray}

対角行列

対角成分以外が全て0の正方行列。

\begin{eqnarray}
\begin{pmatrix}
  a_{ 11 } &   &  & 0 \\
    & a_{ 22 } &  &   \\
    &   & \ddots &   \\
  0 &   &  & a_{ nn } 
\end{pmatrix}
\end{eqnarray}

単位行列

対角成分が全て1の対角行列。

\begin{eqnarray}
\begin{pmatrix}
  1 &   &  & 0 \\
    & 1 &  &   \\
    &   & \ddots &   \\
  0 &   &  & 1
\end{pmatrix}
\end{eqnarray}

行列の和

AとBはm×n行列として

\begin{eqnarray}
\boldsymbol{A} + \boldsymbol{B} = 
\left(a_{ij}+b_{ij}\right)=
\left(
  \begin{array}{cccc}
    a_{11}+b_{11} & a_{12}+b_{12} & \ldots & a_{1n}+b_{1n} \\
    a_{21}+b_{21} & a_{22}+b_{22} & \ldots & a_{2n}+b_{2n} \\
    \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
    a_{m1}+b_{m1} & a_{m2}+b_{m2} & \ldots & a_{mn}+b_{mn}
  \end{array}
\right)
\end{eqnarray}

行列のスカラー倍

\begin{eqnarray}
c\boldsymbol{A} = 
\left(ca_{ij}\right)=
\left(
  \begin{array}{ccc}
    ca_{11} & ca_{12} & \ldots & ca_{1n} \\
    ca_{21} & ca_{22} & \ldots & ca_{2n} \\
    \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
    ca_{n1} & ca_{n2} & \ldots & ca_{nn}
  \end{array}
\right)
\end{eqnarray}

行列の積

正則行列

転置行列

直交行列

行列式

逆行列

行列の計算の法則

固有ベクトルと固有値

対角化

続く

参考URL

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